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Questions and Answers
What is the shape of the spleen in cattle?
What is the shape of the spleen in cattle?
Which animal has a spleen that does not appear to have lymph follicles?
Which animal has a spleen that does not appear to have lymph follicles?
What color is the spleen of a horse?
What color is the spleen of a horse?
How does the consistency of the sheep and goat spleen compare to that of the other animals?
How does the consistency of the sheep and goat spleen compare to that of the other animals?
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What is the approximate weight range of the spleen in sheep and goats?
What is the approximate weight range of the spleen in sheep and goats?
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Which type of papillae is commonly found on the cattle tongue?
Which type of papillae is commonly found on the cattle tongue?
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What type of papillae is observed in the sheep tongue?
What type of papillae is observed in the sheep tongue?
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Which animal's tongue possesses lentiform papillae?
Which animal's tongue possesses lentiform papillae?
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Which type of papillae is NOT found on the pig tongue?
Which type of papillae is NOT found on the pig tongue?
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What is a distinguishing feature of the tongue structures among the animals compared?
What is a distinguishing feature of the tongue structures among the animals compared?
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Which animal is characterized by having no papillae present on the tongue?
Which animal is characterized by having no papillae present on the tongue?
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Which animal's tongue features brown or black rumen mucus at its regions?
Which animal's tongue features brown or black rumen mucus at its regions?
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Which type of papillae is primarily associated with the cattle tongue’s structure?
Which type of papillae is primarily associated with the cattle tongue’s structure?
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Which type of papillae is present in horses but absent in cattle, sheep, and goats?
Which type of papillae is present in horses but absent in cattle, sheep, and goats?
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How many Vallate Papillae are typically found in cattle?
How many Vallate Papillae are typically found in cattle?
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What feature of the tongue distinguish sheep and goats from cattle?
What feature of the tongue distinguish sheep and goats from cattle?
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What characterizes the filiform papillae of pigs compared to other species?
What characterizes the filiform papillae of pigs compared to other species?
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Which of the following animals has a dorsal ridge on the tongue?
Which of the following animals has a dorsal ridge on the tongue?
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What is the average number of Vallate Papillae found in sheep?
What is the average number of Vallate Papillae found in sheep?
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Which papillae type is characterized by being long and horny in both cattle and horses?
Which papillae type is characterized by being long and horny in both cattle and horses?
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Which animal has no dorsal ridge on its tongue?
Which animal has no dorsal ridge on its tongue?
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Study Notes
Anatomical Variations of Bones and Organs
- Skeleton, composed of ~200 bones, provides support, protection, and locomotion. It also produces blood.
- Meat scientists use bone structure and shape to identify animal species and determine age.
- Younger animals have smooth, soft bone with red bone marrow.
- Bone becomes harder and more brittle with age, due to ossification, and a change to white or yellow bone marrow.
Number of Ribs by Animal Species
- Cattle and Buffalo have 13 pairs of ribs.
- Horses have 18 pairs.
- Sheep and goats have 13 pairs.
- Pigs have 14–15 pairs.
- Rabbits have 12 pairs.
Ossification
- Bones develop from cartilage.
- Ossification is the process of cartilage changing into bone.
- Ossification progresses in stages, with increasingly larger bone portions appearing in the cartilage as the animal ages.
- The exact stage of bone development can be used by meat scientists to estimate the age of the animal.
Ischiopubic Symphysis in Animal Species Identification
- The shape of the ischiopubic symphysis differentiates cattle and buffalo.
- The plane is strikingly flat in buffalo, while curved in cattle,
- Degree of curvature in cattle is also used to determine sex.
- Steers have a more highly curved symphysis than heifers, while cows have a slightly more curved symphysis.
Tongue Morphology in Different Animals
- Cattle tongues are firm and heavy, with a wide roof and body.
- Cattle tongues have 10-14 filiform papillae.
- Sheep and goat tongues are short and blunt, with 18-24 filiform papillae.
- Horses have narrow tongues that are shorter and have blunt tips.
- Pig tongues are long and narrow with pointed apices.
Stomach Morphology by Animal Species
- Cattle have a four-compartment stomach (reticulum, rumen, omasum, and abomasum).
- Cattle stomachs are large, pear-shaped, holding close to 150 liters.
- Sheep and goats have similar stomachs, but smaller (~18 liters).
- Horses have a single, simple stomach and single compartment, which are long and narrow, holding about 12 liters.
- Pigs have a single, simple stomach, which are similar to horses, except they are smaller (~6.5 liters).
- The stomachs in these animals indicate the digestive strategies of the animal.
Liver Morphology in Different Animals
- Cattle livers are heart-shaped, composed of 3 lobes (right, left, caudate lobe).
- Sheep and goat livers appear as a cigar shape with intermediate consistency.
- Horse livers are elongated, with 3 lobes and a purplish coloring.
- Pig livers have a bean shape, composed of 5 lobes.
- These shape and consistency differences indicate variations in digestive ability.
Lung Morphology in Different Animals
- Cattle lungs are approximately 2-3 kg/pair
- Sheep and goat lungs are approximately 350–907 g/pair.
- Horses lungs are comprised of approximately 2 lobes.
- Pigs lungs have approximately 3-4 lobes.
- Variations in lobe numbers indicates varied breathing patterns and air intake.
Spleen Morphology in Different Animals
- Cattle spleens are elongated, with a flattened shape, sharp rounded extremities.
- Sheep and goat spleens are triangular in shape.
- Horse spleens have sickles and like shapes.
- Pig spleens narrow and elongated, resembling a tongue.
- The observed differences in shape suggest various functions depending on needed digestion
Heart Morphology in Different Animals
- Cattle hearts are round, formed from a left ventricle.
- Sheep and goat hearts are conical, pointed and small.
- Horse hearts are elongated and conical.
- Pig hearts are globular.
- Differences in size and shape relate to the specific size and function of the heart in the relevant animal.
Kidney Morphology in Different Animals
- Cattle kidneys are multilobulated with ~15–25 lobes.
- Sheep & goat kidneys are unilobular, appear as a bean shape.
- Horse kidneys are heart-shaped, with one renal crest (a raised ridge on the kidney).
- Pig kidneys are oblong, unilobular, with the presence of multiple papilla in contrast to sheep and goats which only appear as one papilla.
- Differences in size, shape, and lobe structures in the kidneys indicate varied filtering and excretory processes.
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Description
Test your knowledge of animal anatomy focusing on the spleen and tongue structures of various animals like cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. This quiz covers questions regarding the shape, consistency, and specific features of these organs across different species. Perfect for veterinary students and animal science enthusiasts.
