Quizlet CV PNP
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Questions and Answers

Which diagnostic test provides information about structural abnormalities by using sound waves to view the heart and blood flow?

  • Nuclear Scan
  • Echocardiogram (ECHO) (correct)
  • Anteriorgram
  • Electrodiagram Test (EKG/ECG)

    • What is a significant nursing consideration before undergoing a diagnostic test?

  • Taking a high-fat diet
  • Avoiding sunlight exposure
  • Drinking caffeine
  • Maintaining bedrest (correct)

    • What is the term used for the accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissue and alveoli?

  • Embolism
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Arteriosclerosis
  • Pulmonary edema (correct)

    • Which condition results in the walls of the arteries thickening, hardening, and losing elasticity?

    <p>Arteriosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for low blood pressure?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a vasodilator commonly used in heart failure treatment?

    <p>Nitroglycerin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does left sided heart failure lead to initially in the heart?

    <p>Backflow of blood into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the P wave represent in an EKG strip?

    <p>Atrium starts to contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In sinus tachycardia, what is the heart rate range typically observed?

    <p>60-100 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for the P-R interval in an EKG reading?

    <p>0.12-0.2 secs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with an irregular heartbeat rhythm?

    <p>Ventricular fibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the T wave represent in an EKG strip?

    <p>Ventricles relax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical heart rate associated with sinus bradycardia?

    <p>&lt;60 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should the QRS duration be in a normal EKG reading?

    <p>&lt;0.12 secs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the x-ray study of the heart and major blood vessels?

    <p>Angiocardiogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hypertrophy due to hypertension, what is the primary effect on the muscles of the heart?

    <p>Increase in size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of right sided heart failure?

    <p>Pulmonary hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test uses sound waves to view the heart and blood flow?

    <p>Echocardiogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a nuclear scan in cardiac diagnosis?

    <p>Detect ischemic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition occurs when deoxygenated blood backs up into the body?

    <p>Left sided heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of digoxin on the heart?

    <p>Increase force of contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

    <p><strong>Right side</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    "LAMB" in relation to the heart stands for:

    <p><strong>Left atrioventricular mitral bicuspid</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    "RAT" in relation to the heart stands for:

    <p><strong>Right atrioventricular tricuspid</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event occurs immediately after the Atria depolarize?

    <p>Ventricles begin to repolarize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the P wave represent in an EKG strip?

    <p>Atrium starts to contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a prolonged Q-T interval in an EKG reading indicate?

    <p>Cardiac arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a normal EKG reading, what should be the duration of the QRS complex?

    <p>Greater than 0.12 secs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of Sinus tachycardia with a heart rate of 100 bpm?

    <p>Strenuous exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about an EKG reading showing Little clocks on the strip lasting 0.004 secs?

    <p>Normal electrical conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of 5 blocks in a normal sinus rhythm?

    <p>Heart rate range of 60-100 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Sinus Bradycardia indicate about the heartbeat?

    <p>Heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition leads to an irregular heartbeat rhythm?

    <p>Arrhythmias change in electrical impulse of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Big blocks signify in an EKG reading?

    <p>P-R interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a normal EKG reading, what does the P-R interval represent?

    <p>Conduction through the AV node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Q-T interval in an EKG reading?

    <p>Ventricular repolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of an EKG strip, what do 'Little clocks' signify?

    <p>Atrial contraction time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 'Sinus tachycardia' with a heart rate of 100 bpm typically indicate?

    <p>Overactive thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an EKG reading shows an abnormal QRS duration, what could be a possible diagnosis?

    <p>Ventricular tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart's electrical conduction system initiates the depolarization of the atria?

    <p>SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a shortened P-R interval in an EKG reading suggest?

    <p>AV node blockage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Big blocks' on an EKG reading that last 0.2 secs are typically associated with what condition?

    <p>'Heart block'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Sinus bradycardia' is characterized by what heart rate range?

    <p>&lt; 60 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for a nurse to avoid flexing the hip or leg prior to a diagnostic test?

    <p>To prevent blood clot formation in the leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may result from right-sided heart failure due to increased pulmonary pressure?

    <p>Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk factor that a nurse should assess for in a patient with suspected cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Family history of CVD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of using vasodilators in the treatment of heart failure?

    <p>To dilate blood vessels and reduce workload on the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In sinus tachycardia, what is the heart rate range typically observed?

    <p>100-150 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for elevating the head of the bed in a patient with pulmonary edema?

    <p>To facilitate breathing and reduce fluid accumulation in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes arteriosclerosis?

    <p>It results in thickening and hardening of artery walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hypertension contribute to necrosis of vital organs like the heart, brain, and kidneys?

    <p>By increasing workload on these organs and potentially damaging blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an expected sign of hypotension resulting from cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Low blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do beta blockers primarily affect the heart muscles?

    <p>By decreasing the force of contraction in heart muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between right-sided heart failure and left-sided heart failure?

    <p>Right-sided heart failure causes an increase in pulmonary pressure, while left-sided heart failure does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test involves going into the esophagus to observe the heart?

    <p>Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a stress test in assessing cardiac disease?

    <p>To evaluate the response of the heart to physical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT a common sign or symptom of left-sided heart failure?

    <p>Jugular vein distention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of digoxin on the heart muscles?

    <p>Increase contractility of the heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following conditions would a patient experience intermittent claudication?

    <p>Left-sided heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a cardiac catheterization procedure?

    <p>Determine cardiac output and evaluate heart chambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characteristic of pulmonary edema?

    <p>Pinky frothy sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of hypertrophy of the heart muscles due to hypertension?

    <p>Thickening of muscle walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can be a potential risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Family history of diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of 'Little clocks' signify in an EKG strip?

    <p>Repolarization of the atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an EKG reading, what does an 'Upside down V' wave represent?

    <p>Ventricular relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the QRS complex in an EKG reading?

    <p>Ventricular contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cardiac arrhythmias, what does 'Sinus tachycardia' indicate?

    <p>High heart rate due to strenuous exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Sinus Bradycardia?

    <p>Blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical heart rate range for a normal sinus rhythm?

    <p>50-70 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Cardiac Arrhythmias?

    <p>'Irregular heartbeat rhythm'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Diplorization' in the context of the heart indicates which phase?

    <p>'Depolarization of the ventricles'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'LAMB' stand for in relation to the heart?

    <p>Cardiac diagnostic terminology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • The heart functions as a pump for blood to the body and lungs, receiving blood from both sources and influencing blood pressure.
    • Blood vessels serve as a pathway for blood and lymph, transferring gasses, nutrients, electrolytes, and waste.
    • An angiocardiogram is an x-ray study providing information on heart and major blood vessel structures, including structural abnormalities.
    • Anteriorgram is an x-ray of the arteries, revealing structural abnormalities.
    • A stress test assesses cardiac function during physical activity, while echocardiogram uses sound waves to view heart and blood flow, detecting ischemic conditions.
    • Cardiac catheterization determines cardiac output, assesses heart structures and chambers, and transesophageal echocardiography goes into the esophagus to examine the heart.
    • Data collection for cardiac patients includes establishing a baseline and reporting changes, cardiovascular assessment beginning on admission, and complete nursing history with potential risk factors.
    • Signs and symptoms of heart failure include dyspnea on exertion, punky frothy sputum, orthopnea, cyanosis, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, chest pain, and Cheyenne-strokes respiration.
    • Heart failure treatment includes decreasing heart workload, rest, proper diet, daily weights, and medications such as oxygen therapy, digoxin, ACE inhibitors, vasodilators, and beat blockers.
    • Diuretics help remove excess fluids from the body, and medications end with Pril, Nitroglycerin, and Metropolol.
    • Nursing care for patients with heart failure includes oxygen therapy, elevating the bed, monitoring vital signs and lungs sounds, strict I&O, daily weights, and administering medications.
    • Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissue and alveoli, causing respiratory distress and potentially drowning in one's own secretions.
    • Arteriosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, occurs due to the walls of arteries thickening and losing elasticity. It can lead to heart attacks, kidney failure, CVA, and HF.
    • Hypertension is a condition of high blood pressure, which can lead to hypertrophy of the heart muscles, necrosis of vital organs, and silent killer status.
    • Causes of hypertension include smoking, sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol, sodium, and caffeine consumption.
    • Nursing diagnosis for hypertension includes knowledge deficit, activity intolerance, and increased or decreased cardiac output.
    • Management of hypertension includes drug therapy with diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin 2 receptor blockers, as well as lifestyle changes to reduce risk factors.
    • Hypotension is a condition of low blood pressure, with causes including HR problems, heart problems, and medication side effects.
    • The SA node in the atrium initiates the heart's electrical activity, triggering depolarization and contraction.
    • Electrical activity of the myocardium includes the atria beginning to depolarize, atria depolarizing, ventricles beginning to depolarize, ventricles depolarizing, and ventricles repolarizing.
    • Cardiac arrhythmias, such as sinus tachycardia and sinus bradycardia, present with irregular heartbeat rhythms due to changes in electrical impulses in the heart.

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    Description

    Learn about the essential functions of the heart and blood vessels, as well as diagnostic tests like angiocardiogram and anteriorgram in the medical field. Understand how the heart pumps blood, receives blood, influences blood pressure, and how blood vessels provide a pathway for essential substances. Discover how diagnostic tests help in identifying structural abnormalities.

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