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Which diagnostic test provides information about structural abnormalities by using sound waves to view the heart and blood flow?
What is a significant nursing consideration before undergoing a diagnostic test?
What is the term used for the accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissue and alveoli?
Which condition results in the walls of the arteries thickening, hardening, and losing elasticity?
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What is the term for low blood pressure?
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Which medication is a vasodilator commonly used in heart failure treatment?
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What does left sided heart failure lead to initially in the heart?
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What does the P wave represent in an EKG strip?
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In sinus tachycardia, what is the heart rate range typically observed?
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What is the normal range for the P-R interval in an EKG reading?
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Which condition is associated with an irregular heartbeat rhythm?
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What does the T wave represent in an EKG strip?
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What is the typical heart rate associated with sinus bradycardia?
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How long should the QRS duration be in a normal EKG reading?
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What is the term for the x-ray study of the heart and major blood vessels?
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In hypertrophy due to hypertension, what is the primary effect on the muscles of the heart?
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What is the primary cause of right sided heart failure?
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Which diagnostic test uses sound waves to view the heart and blood flow?
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What is the primary role of a nuclear scan in cardiac diagnosis?
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Which condition occurs when deoxygenated blood backs up into the body?
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What is the primary effect of digoxin on the heart?
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Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
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"LAMB" in relation to the heart stands for:
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"RAT" in relation to the heart stands for:
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What event occurs immediately after the Atria depolarize?
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What does the P wave represent in an EKG strip?
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What does a prolonged Q-T interval in an EKG reading indicate?
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In a normal EKG reading, what should be the duration of the QRS complex?
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What is the most likely cause of Sinus tachycardia with a heart rate of 100 bpm?
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What can be inferred about an EKG reading showing Little clocks on the strip lasting 0.004 secs?
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What is the significance of 5 blocks in a normal sinus rhythm?
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What does Sinus Bradycardia indicate about the heartbeat?
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What condition leads to an irregular heartbeat rhythm?
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What do Big blocks signify in an EKG reading?
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In a normal EKG reading, what does the P-R interval represent?
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What is the significance of the Q-T interval in an EKG reading?
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In the context of an EKG strip, what do 'Little clocks' signify?
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What does a 'Sinus tachycardia' with a heart rate of 100 bpm typically indicate?
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If an EKG reading shows an abnormal QRS duration, what could be a possible diagnosis?
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Which part of the heart's electrical conduction system initiates the depolarization of the atria?
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What does a shortened P-R interval in an EKG reading suggest?
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'Big blocks' on an EKG reading that last 0.2 secs are typically associated with what condition?
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'Sinus bradycardia' is characterized by what heart rate range?
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Why is it important for a nurse to avoid flexing the hip or leg prior to a diagnostic test?
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Which condition may result from right-sided heart failure due to increased pulmonary pressure?
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What is a potential risk factor that a nurse should assess for in a patient with suspected cardiovascular disease?
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What is the primary aim of using vasodilators in the treatment of heart failure?
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In sinus tachycardia, what is the heart rate range typically observed?
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What is the primary reason for elevating the head of the bed in a patient with pulmonary edema?
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Which statement accurately describes arteriosclerosis?
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How does hypertension contribute to necrosis of vital organs like the heart, brain, and kidneys?
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What is an expected sign of hypotension resulting from cardiomyopathy?
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How do beta blockers primarily affect the heart muscles?
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What is the primary difference between right-sided heart failure and left-sided heart failure?
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Which diagnostic test involves going into the esophagus to observe the heart?
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What is the primary purpose of a stress test in assessing cardiac disease?
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Which condition is NOT a common sign or symptom of left-sided heart failure?
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What is the primary action of digoxin on the heart muscles?
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In which of the following conditions would a patient experience intermittent claudication?
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What is the main purpose of a cardiac catheterization procedure?
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Which symptom is characteristic of pulmonary edema?
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What is a common manifestation of hypertrophy of the heart muscles due to hypertension?
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Which condition can be a potential risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease?
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What does the presence of 'Little clocks' signify in an EKG strip?
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In an EKG reading, what does an 'Upside down V' wave represent?
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What is the significance of the QRS complex in an EKG reading?
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In cardiac arrhythmias, what does 'Sinus tachycardia' indicate?
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What is the primary cause of Sinus Bradycardia?
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What is the typical heart rate range for a normal sinus rhythm?
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What is the primary characteristic of Cardiac Arrhythmias?
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'Diplorization' in the context of the heart indicates which phase?
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What does 'LAMB' stand for in relation to the heart?
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Study Notes
- The heart functions as a pump for blood to the body and lungs, receiving blood from both sources and influencing blood pressure.
- Blood vessels serve as a pathway for blood and lymph, transferring gasses, nutrients, electrolytes, and waste.
- An angiocardiogram is an x-ray study providing information on heart and major blood vessel structures, including structural abnormalities.
- Anteriorgram is an x-ray of the arteries, revealing structural abnormalities.
- A stress test assesses cardiac function during physical activity, while echocardiogram uses sound waves to view heart and blood flow, detecting ischemic conditions.
- Cardiac catheterization determines cardiac output, assesses heart structures and chambers, and transesophageal echocardiography goes into the esophagus to examine the heart.
- Data collection for cardiac patients includes establishing a baseline and reporting changes, cardiovascular assessment beginning on admission, and complete nursing history with potential risk factors.
- Signs and symptoms of heart failure include dyspnea on exertion, punky frothy sputum, orthopnea, cyanosis, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, chest pain, and Cheyenne-strokes respiration.
- Heart failure treatment includes decreasing heart workload, rest, proper diet, daily weights, and medications such as oxygen therapy, digoxin, ACE inhibitors, vasodilators, and beat blockers.
- Diuretics help remove excess fluids from the body, and medications end with Pril, Nitroglycerin, and Metropolol.
- Nursing care for patients with heart failure includes oxygen therapy, elevating the bed, monitoring vital signs and lungs sounds, strict I&O, daily weights, and administering medications.
- Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissue and alveoli, causing respiratory distress and potentially drowning in one's own secretions.
- Arteriosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, occurs due to the walls of arteries thickening and losing elasticity. It can lead to heart attacks, kidney failure, CVA, and HF.
- Hypertension is a condition of high blood pressure, which can lead to hypertrophy of the heart muscles, necrosis of vital organs, and silent killer status.
- Causes of hypertension include smoking, sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol, sodium, and caffeine consumption.
- Nursing diagnosis for hypertension includes knowledge deficit, activity intolerance, and increased or decreased cardiac output.
- Management of hypertension includes drug therapy with diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin 2 receptor blockers, as well as lifestyle changes to reduce risk factors.
- Hypotension is a condition of low blood pressure, with causes including HR problems, heart problems, and medication side effects.
- The SA node in the atrium initiates the heart's electrical activity, triggering depolarization and contraction.
- Electrical activity of the myocardium includes the atria beginning to depolarize, atria depolarizing, ventricles beginning to depolarize, ventricles depolarizing, and ventricles repolarizing.
- Cardiac arrhythmias, such as sinus tachycardia and sinus bradycardia, present with irregular heartbeat rhythms due to changes in electrical impulses in the heart.
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Description
Learn about the essential functions of the heart and blood vessels, as well as diagnostic tests like angiocardiogram and anteriorgram in the medical field. Understand how the heart pumps blood, receives blood, influences blood pressure, and how blood vessels provide a pathway for essential substances. Discover how diagnostic tests help in identifying structural abnormalities.
