Functions of Carbohydrates in the Body

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What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

Sparing the use of proteins for energy

Breakdown of fatty acids and preventing ketosis

Providing energy and regulating blood glucose (correct)

Biological recognition processes

Why must all digestible polysaccharides, disaccharides, and monosaccharides be converted into glucose or a metabolite of glucose?

To support biological recognition processes

To spare the use of proteins for energy

To prevent ketosis

To provide energy and regulate blood glucose (correct)

During food consumption, which hormone is secreted by pancreatic beta cells to regulate blood glucose levels?

Insulin (correct)

Glucagon

Epinephrine

Cortisol

What does insulin do in the body during periods of food consumption?

Promotes cellular uptake of glucose Signup and view all the answers

What action does insulin cause in the liver during periods of food consumption?

Causes uptake of glucose and synthesis of glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for blood glucose levels to be kept relatively constant?

For proper cellular function Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of glucagon on blood glucose levels?

Decrease the amount of glucose in the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

During fasting periods, what does adipose tissue begin to release into the bloodstream?

Fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the process known as when proteins from various body tissues are used by the liver to produce glucose for the brain and muscle?

Gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What does ketosis indicate about the body's state?

Low insulin to glucagon ratio Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone mimics the effects of glucagon?

Epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What happens after twenty-four hours of fasting when there is a low insulin to glucagon ratio?

Skeletal muscle uses fatty acids for energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cortisol in glucose regulation?

Promote gluconeogenesis from amino acid precursors Signup and view all the answers

During ketosis, what happens to fatty acids that cannot be used by skeletal muscle?

They are used by the liver to produce glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of epinephrine in glucose regulation?

Mimic the effects of insulin on targeted cells Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is no longer enough oxaloacetate in the mitochondria during fasting periods?

Acetyl CoA cannot be formed from fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of carbohydrate as a metabolic fuel over fat?

It produces more ATP per O2 consumed Signup and view all the answers

What is the amount of energy provided by carbohydrates per gram?

4 calories Signup and view all the answers

Apart from being a metabolic fuel, what other important role does glucose play?

Production of NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway Signup and view all the answers

What does fat provide in terms of energy per gram?

9 calories Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels during food consumption?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrate in the body, apart from being a metabolic fuel?

Provision of NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

To produce and store energy in the form of ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the protein-sparing effect all about?

Preventing the breakdown of proteins to make glucose needed by the body Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is not enough glucose to meet the body’s needs?

Glucose is synthesized from amino acids, leading to protein breakdown Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the series of reactions that lead to the conversion of glucose to pyruvate?

To produce ATP through a process called glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

During fasting periods, what does adipose tissue begin to release into the bloodstream?

Stored fats in the form of fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Why must all digestible polysaccharides, disaccharides, and monosaccharides be converted into glucose or a metabolite of glucose?

To ensure a steady supply of glucose for cellular respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the process known as when proteins from various body tissues are used by the liver to produce glucose for the brain and muscle?

Gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What does ketosis indicate about the body's state?

'Fat burning mode' due to reduced carbohydrate intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of glucagon on blood glucose levels?

Increase blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of epinephrine in glucose regulation?

Promote uptake of glucose by cells for energy use Signup and view all the answers

Functions of Carbohydrates in the Body

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

Why must all digestible polysaccharides, disaccharides, and monosaccharides be converted into glucose or a metabolite of glucose?

During food consumption, which hormone is secreted by pancreatic beta cells to regulate blood glucose levels?

What does insulin do in the body during periods of food consumption?

What action does insulin cause in the liver during periods of food consumption?

Why is it important for blood glucose levels to be kept relatively constant?

What is the primary effect of glucagon on blood glucose levels?

During fasting periods, what does adipose tissue begin to release into the bloodstream?

What is the process known as when proteins from various body tissues are used by the liver to produce glucose for the brain and muscle?

What does ketosis indicate about the body's state?

Which hormone mimics the effects of glucagon?

What happens after twenty-four hours of fasting when there is a low insulin to glucagon ratio?

What is the primary function of cortisol in glucose regulation?

During ketosis, what happens to fatty acids that cannot be used by skeletal muscle?

What is the function of epinephrine in glucose regulation?

What happens when there is no longer enough oxaloacetate in the mitochondria during fasting periods?

What is the main advantage of carbohydrate as a metabolic fuel over fat?

What is the amount of energy provided by carbohydrates per gram?

Apart from being a metabolic fuel, what other important role does glucose play?

What does fat provide in terms of energy per gram?

Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels during food consumption?

What is the primary function of carbohydrate in the body, apart from being a metabolic fuel?

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

What is the protein-sparing effect all about?

What happens when there is not enough glucose to meet the body’s needs?

What is the purpose of the series of reactions that lead to the conversion of glucose to pyruvate?

During fasting periods, what does adipose tissue begin to release into the bloodstream?

Why must all digestible polysaccharides, disaccharides, and monosaccharides be converted into glucose or a metabolite of glucose?

What is the process known as when proteins from various body tissues are used by the liver to produce glucose for the brain and muscle?

What does ketosis indicate about the body's state?

What is the primary effect of glucagon on blood glucose levels?

What is the function of epinephrine in glucose regulation?

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