32 Questions
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
Providing energy and regulating blood glucose
Why must all digestible polysaccharides, disaccharides, and monosaccharides be converted into glucose or a metabolite of glucose?
To provide energy and regulate blood glucose
During food consumption, which hormone is secreted by pancreatic beta cells to regulate blood glucose levels?
Insulin
What does insulin do in the body during periods of food consumption?
Promotes cellular uptake of glucose
What action does insulin cause in the liver during periods of food consumption?
Causes uptake of glucose and synthesis of glycogen
Why is it important for blood glucose levels to be kept relatively constant?
For proper cellular function
What is the primary effect of glucagon on blood glucose levels?
Decrease the amount of glucose in the bloodstream
During fasting periods, what does adipose tissue begin to release into the bloodstream?
Fatty acids
What is the process known as when proteins from various body tissues are used by the liver to produce glucose for the brain and muscle?
Gluconeogenesis
What does ketosis indicate about the body's state?
Low insulin to glucagon ratio
Which hormone mimics the effects of glucagon?
Epinephrine
What happens after twenty-four hours of fasting when there is a low insulin to glucagon ratio?
Skeletal muscle uses fatty acids for energy
What is the primary function of cortisol in glucose regulation?
Promote gluconeogenesis from amino acid precursors
During ketosis, what happens to fatty acids that cannot be used by skeletal muscle?
They are used by the liver to produce glucose
What is the function of epinephrine in glucose regulation?
Mimic the effects of insulin on targeted cells
What happens when there is no longer enough oxaloacetate in the mitochondria during fasting periods?
Acetyl CoA cannot be formed from fatty acids
What is the main advantage of carbohydrate as a metabolic fuel over fat?
It produces more ATP per O2 consumed
What is the amount of energy provided by carbohydrates per gram?
4 calories
Apart from being a metabolic fuel, what other important role does glucose play?
Production of NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway
What does fat provide in terms of energy per gram?
9 calories
Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels during food consumption?
Insulin
What is the primary function of carbohydrate in the body, apart from being a metabolic fuel?
Provision of NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
To produce and store energy in the form of ATP
What is the protein-sparing effect all about?
Preventing the breakdown of proteins to make glucose needed by the body
What happens when there is not enough glucose to meet the body’s needs?
Glucose is synthesized from amino acids, leading to protein breakdown
What is the purpose of the series of reactions that lead to the conversion of glucose to pyruvate?
To produce ATP through a process called glycolysis
During fasting periods, what does adipose tissue begin to release into the bloodstream?
Stored fats in the form of fatty acids
Why must all digestible polysaccharides, disaccharides, and monosaccharides be converted into glucose or a metabolite of glucose?
To ensure a steady supply of glucose for cellular respiration
What is the process known as when proteins from various body tissues are used by the liver to produce glucose for the brain and muscle?
Gluconeogenesis
What does ketosis indicate about the body's state?
'Fat burning mode' due to reduced carbohydrate intake
What is the primary effect of glucagon on blood glucose levels?
Increase blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown
What is the function of epinephrine in glucose regulation?
Promote uptake of glucose by cells for energy use
Test your knowledge about the six major functions of carbohydrates in the body, including providing energy, regulating blood glucose, sparing the use of proteins for energy, and more.
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