Biology Chapter on Carbohydrates
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of carbohydrates in the human body?

  • Serving as the chief fuel molecule for energy metabolism (correct)
  • Acting as lubricants in joints
  • Forming the structural framework for tissues
  • Constituting components of nucleic acids
  • Which tissue relies almost exclusively on glucose as its fuel molecule?

  • Connective tissue
  • Erythrocytes (correct)
  • Adipose tissue
  • Muscle tissue
  • What do mucopolysaccharides primarily function as in the body?

  • Lubricants and supporting elements for connective tissues (correct)
  • Structural components of nucleic acids
  • Components of blood group substances
  • Intracellular messengers
  • How are carbohydrates typically stored when in excess in the body?

    <p>As glycogen or starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carbohydrate is a generic name for monosaccharides with three carbon atoms?

    <p>Triose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important functional groups are structurally significant in carbohydrates?

    <p>Hydroxyl group and carbonyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of carbohydrates in animal cells?

    <p>Primary source of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the empirical formula of carbohydrates?

    <p>It is expressed as (CH₂O)n where n is 3 or greater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes glycosidic linkages in carbohydrates?

    <p>They can involve free or non-reducing carbonyl groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common monosaccharide derivatives known for?

    <p>Diverse occurrences beyond basic carbohydrate role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes disaccharides?

    <p>They consist of two monosaccharide units linked by a glycosidic bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of monosaccharide units found in an oligosaccharide?

    <p>Ten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compounds can be classified as isomers based on the provided information?

    <p>Glucose and fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond links monosaccharides in disaccharides and oligosaccharides?

    <p>Glycosidic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an oligosaccharide?

    <p>Maltriose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the classification of monosaccharides?

    <p>The number of carbon atoms and functional groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding disaccharides?

    <p>They consist of two monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes polysaccharides among carbohydrates?

    <p>They are formed from hundreds of monosaccharide units linked covalently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is false regarding the classification of carbohydrates?

    <p>Disaccharides are the most complex form of carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes aldoses from ketoses?

    <p>The presence of a keto group versus an aldehyde group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What total number of stereoisomers can be formed from glyceraldehyde due to its asymmetric carbon atom?

    <p>2 stereoisomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship between D and L forms of sugars?

    <p>They are mirror images of each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many asymmetric carbon atoms are present in glucose, and what does this allow for in terms of stereoisomers?

    <p>4 asymmetric carbons allow for 16 stereoisomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an asymmetric carbon on the properties of a molecule?

    <p>It allows for different arrangements, leading to stereoisomerism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a sugar has the hydroxyl group on the left-hand side of its penultimate carbon, how is it classified?

    <p>It belongs to the L-series.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pentoses is a component of RNA?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hexose is exclusively used for energy by red blood cells and brain tissue under normal conditions?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary storage form of glucose in animals?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property distinguishes ribose from deoxyribose?

    <p>Presence of an additional hydroxyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to glucose, which of the following is a predominant hexose found in the human body?

    <p>Mannose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the anomeric carbon in monosaccharide cyclic structures?

    <p>It dictates the specific anomer, alpha or beta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes mutarotation?

    <p>It refers to the process of spontaneous ring opening and reclosure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of glucopyranose, which anomer is favored at equilibrium?

    <p>β-anomer at 63.6% prevalence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of an additional asymmetric carbon in cyclic forms of monosaccharides indicate?

    <p>The sugar possesses different anomeric forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily contributes to the interconversion between anomers of a sugar?

    <p>The tendency of the ring structure to open and close spontaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond typically forms between oligosaccharides and proteins in glycoproteins?

    <p>Glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following monosaccharides is typically found at the ends of glycoprotein oligosaccharide chains?

    <p>L-fucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid residues can be linked to oligosaccharides in the formation of glycoproteins?

    <p>Serine and threonine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins as mentioned?

    <p>Cell adhesion and recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid sugar is often essential for the formation of glycosaminoglycans?

    <p>Galacturonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone is true?

    <p>They are aldose-ketose isomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of possible stereoisomers for glucose, which has four asymmetric carbon atoms?

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes molecules that have identical chemical properties but different optical rotations?

    <p>Enantiomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes D-sugars from L-sugars in monosaccharides?

    <p>The absolute configuration of the asymmetric carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an incorrect statement about optical isomers?

    <p>They always have different chemical properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbon atom in glucose is classified as asymmetric?

    <p>Carbons 2 through 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does chirality specifically refer to in the context of sugars?

    <p>The relationship of mirror image structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is common to optical isomers of a sugar?

    <p>Identical chemical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criterion for ensuring the choices in a multiple-choice question are mutually exclusive?

    <p>Each option must provide a distinct answer without overlap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a well-constructed stem, what is the optimal way to present the problem?

    <p>Phrase the question with clear significance and relevance to the content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the approach to writing distractors in a multiple-choice question?

    <p>Distractors may represent common student misconceptions to test understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective way to ensure the correct answer is clear and justifiable in a question?

    <p>Ensuring the correct answer is explicitly stated in the stem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the 'info' section play in a multiple-choice question format?

    <p>It delivers additional context for the question without referencing the main source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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