Functions of a Router
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a router?

  • To connect multiple devices in a single network
  • To connect multiple networks (correct)
  • To provide a central processing unit for a network
  • To provide internet access to a single device

    • What is the primary component of a router's operating system?

  • Cisco IOS (correct)
  • Windows
  • Unix
  • Linux

    • What type of memory is used by routers?

  • RAM and ROM only
  • NVRAM, Flash, and hard drive
  • ROM and NVRAM only
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the purpose of a routing table in a router?

    <p>To determine the best path for packet forwarding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most recent and preferred packet-forwarding mechanism in Cisco routers?

    <p>Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of static IP address assignment?

    <p>To manually assign IP addresses and subnet masks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using static IP addresses in small networks?

    <p>Used in small networks with few hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a DNS server IP address in IP configuration?

    <p>To identify specific network resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of route summarization?

    <p>To reduce the number of entries in routing updates and local routing tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dynamic routing protocols?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of routing information between routers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do routing protocols use for facilitating routing information for best path determination?

    <p>Algorithms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of CIDR over traditional classful routing?

    <p>It ignores the limitation of classful boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of dynamic routing protocols over static routing?

    <p>Help the network administrator manage the time-consuming process of configuring and maintaining static routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary use of static routing?

    <p>Providing ease of routing table maintenance in smaller networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of routing protocol messages in dynamic routing protocols?

    <p>To discover neighboring routers and exchange routing information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of route aggregation?

    <p>It reduces the number of routing updates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a stub network?

    <p>A network with only one default route out and no knowledge of any remote networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of dynamic routing protocols that stores routing information?

    <p>Data structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the time it takes routers to share information, calculate best paths, and update their routing tables?

    <p>Convergence time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a network to be completely operable?

    <p>The network must have converged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fully specified static routes?

    <p>To configure the next-hop IP address and exit interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of dynamic routing protocols in maintaining up-to-date routing information?

    <p>To maintain up-to-date routing information and adapt to network changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of dynamic routing protocols?

    <p>They dedicate part of a router's resources for protocol operation, including CPU time and network link bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use of static routing in networks?

    <p>Routing to and from a stub network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a stub network?

    <p>It is accessed by a single route and has no other neighbors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a default static route?

    <p>To send traffic to any destination beyond the next upstream router.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the destination IPv4 address of a default static route?

    <p>0.0.0.0/0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a floating static route?

    <p>To provide a backup path to a primary static or dynamic route.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the configuration requirement for a floating static route?

    <p>It must be configured with a higher administrative distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a next-hop route?

    <p>A route that is specified by an IP address.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of configuring a summary static route?

    <p>To reduce the number of routes advertised by summarizing several contiguous networks as one static route.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a next-hop route and a directly connected static route?

    <p>A next-hop route is specified by an IP address, while a directly connected static route is specified by an exit interface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of link-state routing protocols?

    <p>They use a map of the network topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of classful routing protocols?

    <p>They create problems in discontiguous networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which routing protocol uses the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)?

    <p>IGRP and EIGRP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of distance vector routing protocols?

    <p>They share updates between neighbors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a metric in routing protocols?

    <p>To determine the overall cost of a path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol uses the Bellman-Ford algorithm?

    <p>RIP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of EIGRP?

    <p>Maintains a topology table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of sending unnecessary RIP updates on a LAN?

    <p>It wastes bandwidth and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of link-state routing protocols?

    <p>They use a map of the network topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which routing protocol is an example of a classless routing protocol?

    <p>RIPv2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Routers and Their Functions

    • Routers are specialized computers containing:
      • Central processing unit (CPU)
      • Operating system (OS) - Routers use Cisco IOS
      • Memory and storage (RAM, ROM, NVRAM, Flash, hard drive)
    • Routers can connect multiple networks with multiple interfaces, each on a different IP network
    • Routers choose the best path to send packets based on their routing table
    • Routers use static routes and dynamic routing protocols to learn about remote networks and build their routing tables

    Packet Forwarding Methods

    • Process switching - an older packet forwarding mechanism
    • Fast switching - a common packet forwarding mechanism that uses a fast-switching cache to store next hop information
    • Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) - the most recent, fastest, and preferred Cisco IOS packet-forwarding mechanism

    Static Routes

    • Used to:
      • Connect to a specific network
      • Provide a Gateway of Last Resort for a stub network
      • Reduce the number of routes advertised by summarizing several contiguous networks as one static route
      • Create a backup route in case a primary route link fails
    • Types of static routes:
      • Default static route (matches all packets and identifies the gateway IP address to which the router sends all IP packets)
      • Summary static route (advertisements a contiguous set of addresses as a single address with a less-specific, shorter subnet mask)
      • Floating static route (used to provide a backup path to a primary static or dynamic route in case of a link failure)

    Dynamic Routing Protocols

    • Used to facilitate the exchange of routing information between routers
    • Purpose:
      • Discovery of remote networks
      • Maintaining up-to-date routing information
      • Choosing the best path to destination networks
      • Ability to find a new best path if the current path is no longer available
    • Main components:
      • Data structures (routing tables or databases)
      • Routing protocol messages (to discover neighboring routers, exchange routing information, and maintain accurate information about the network)
      • Algorithm (to facilitate routing information for best path determination)

    Dynamic Routing Protocol Operation

    • Advantages:
      • Automatically share information about remote networks
      • Determine the best path to each network and add this information to their routing tables
      • Require less administrative overhead compared to static routing
      • Help manage the time-consuming process of configuring and maintaining static routes
    • Disadvantages:
      • Dedicate part of a router's resources for protocol operation, including CPU time and network link bandwidth

    Routing Protocol Classification

    • Link-state routing protocols (e.g., OSPF, IS-IS)
    • Classful routing protocols (e.g., RIPv1, IGRP)
    • Classless routing protocols (e.g., RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS)
    • Distance vector routing protocols (e.g., RIP, IGRP, EIGRP)
    • Link-state routing protocols use a complete map of the network topology
    • Routers create a topology map and select the best path to all destination networks in the topology

    Distance Vector Routing Protocols

    • Distance vector routing protocols share updates between neighbors and are not aware of the network topology
    • Distance vector routing protocols use metrics to determine the best path based on the route with the lowest cost

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of routers, including their components and functions, such as connecting multiple networks and operating systems.

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