Functions and Dysfunction of Dopamine

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What is the main function of myelin in the nervous system?

To initiate action potentials

To regulate neurotransmitter release

To insulate the electrical signal conducted down the axon (correct)

To store excess ions

What occurs during the repolarization phase of an action potential?

Hyperpolarization of the neuron

Depolarization of the neuron

Influx of Na+ ions through ion channels

Outward movement of potassium ions (correct)

Which ion is responsible for making the inside of the neuron more positive during depolarization?

Cl-

Ca++

K+

Na+ (correct)

What is the significance of having a refractory period between impulses in neurons?

To maintain a systematic orderly movement of impulses Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the brain do neuron cell bodies reside?

Gray matter Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is an irregularity in maintaining the phases of excitatory and inhibitory during action potentials?

Nerve impulses become irregular and chaotic Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glutamate transporters in neurons?

To rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of specific transporters in extracellular glutamate regulation?

To prevent cell injury and cell death Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily associated with visual processing?

Occipital lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of myelin with regard to nerve impulse conduction?

Ensure rapid and efficient conduction down axons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in excitatory signals in the CNS?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

Where are dopaminergic neurons mainly located in the brain?

Substantia nigra of the midbrain's basal ganglia region Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is implicated in roles related to motivation and punishment?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of most norepinephrine pathways in the brain?

Locus coeruleus Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is mainly involved in voluntary movement?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter has an inhibitory effect on muscles, decreasing spasms and allowing for muscle tone?

Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) Signup and view all the answers

What neurologic disease has dysfunction related to dopaminergic neurotransmission?

Parkinson's disease Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is considered a key player in memory and learning processes?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

In what region of the brainstem is stress known to activate norepinephrine pathways?