Functions and Composition of Blood

What is the main function of erythrocytes?

Aid in blood clotting
Synthesize antibodies
Facilitate nerve impulse transmission
Contribute to gas transport (correct)

What is the normal hemoglobin range for females?

13-18 g/100ml
12-16 g/100ml (correct)
10-14 g/100ml
15-20 g/100ml

Which component of hemoglobin is responsible for binding with oxygen?

Globin protein
Anucleate structure
Spectrin protein
Heme pigment (correct)

What effect would low iron levels have on a patient?

An increase in fatigue (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in the body?

Stimulate red blood cell production (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of globin in hemoglobin?

Two alpha and two beta chains (D) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the synthesis of EPO?

Decreased availability of O2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where is 65% of iron found in the body?

Hemoglobin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of anemia?

Fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, and chills (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the life span of RBCs?

100-120 days (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of secondary polycythemia?

High altitude or increased EPO production (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vitamin B12 and folic acid in RBC production?

To synthesize DNA for developing RBCs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of EPO?

Stimulate red bone marrow (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of polycythemia vera?

Excess RBCs and increased blood viscosity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when HIF accumulates in the body?

Triggers synthesis of EPO (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential outcome of an overdose of the hormone erythropoietin?

The blood viscosity increases to levels that may induce heart attacks or strokes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin B12 and folic acid in red blood cell production?

Facilitate DNA synthesis for rapidly dividing cells such as developing RBCs. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by an abnormal excess of red blood cells and increases blood viscosity?

Polycythemia vera (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of secondary polycythemia caused by low oxygen levels or increased EPO production?

Abnormal excess of RBCs and increased blood viscosity. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) in response to decreased availability of oxygen?

It accumulates and triggers the synthesis of EPO (erythropoietin). (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of hemoglobin?

Two alpha and two beta chains (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of spectrin in erythrocytes?

Maintains the biconcave disc shape (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of erythropoietin (EPO)?

Stimulates the production of red blood cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of erythropoietin (EPO) from the kidneys?

Low blood oxygen levels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

Carrying respiratory gases in the blood (C) Signup and view all the answers