Functions and Components of the Nervous System

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

To interpret and integrate sensory information (correct)

To regulate body functions, such as movement and sensation

To transmit information to and from the Peripheral Nervous System

To produce and regulate hormones

What is the role of dendrites in neurons?

To receive signals from other neurons (correct)

To release neurotransmitters

To transmit signals to other neurons

To contain the nucleus and organelles

Which gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' due to its role in regulating other endocrine glands?

Pancreas

Adrenal Gland

Thyroid Gland

Pituitary Gland (correct)

How do hormones affect the nervous system?

By binding to receptors on neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

To transmit information to and from the Central Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To facilitate communication between different parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the adrenal glands in the endocrine system?

To regulate stress response and electrolyte balance Signup and view all the answers

How do the nervous and endocrine systems interact?

The nervous system regulates the release of hormones from endocrine glands, and hormones can affect the nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System

Functions:

Controls and coordinates body functions
Interprets and responds to sensory information
Facilitates communication between different parts of the body
Regulates body functions, such as movement, sensation, and emotions

Components:

Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord
- Interprets and integrates information
- Controls voluntary actions
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): nerves outside the CNS
- Transmits information to and from the CNS
- Divided into sensory (receives information) and motor (transmits information) nerves
Neurons: specialized cells that transmit and process information
- Dendrites: receive signals
- Cell Body: contains nucleus and organelles
- Axon: transmits signals
- Terminal Buttons: release neurotransmitters

Endocrine System

Functions:

Produces and regulates hormones that control various body functions
Maintains homeostasis and regulates growth and development
Interacts with the nervous system to control body functions

Components:

Endocrine Glands: produce and secrete hormones directly into bloodstream
- Pituitary Gland: master gland that regulates other endocrine glands
- Thyroid Gland: regulates metabolism
- Adrenal Glands: regulates stress response and electrolyte balance
- Pancreas: regulates blood sugar levels
- Ovaries and Testes: produce sex hormones
Hormones: chemical messengers that regulate body functions
- Steroid Hormones: derived from cholesterol
- Peptide Hormones: derived from amino acids

Interaction between Nervous and Endocrine Systems

The nervous system regulates the release of hormones from endocrine glands
Hormones can affect the nervous system by binding to receptors on neurons
Both systems work together to maintain homeostasis and regulate body functions

Nervous System

Functions

Coordinates and controls body functions, such as movement, sensation, and emotions
Interprets and responds to sensory information from the environment
Facilitates communication between different parts of the body

Components

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord
Interprets and integrates information
Controls voluntary actions

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Comprises nerves outside the CNS
Transmits information to and from the CNS
Divided into sensory nerves (receive information) and motor nerves (transmit information)

Neurons

Specialized cells that transmit and process information
Have three main parts: dendrites, cell body, axon, and terminal buttons
Dendrites receive signals
Cell body contains nucleus and organelles
Axon transmits signals
Terminal buttons release neurotransmitters

Endocrine System

Functions

Produces and regulates hormones that control various body functions
Maintains homeostasis and regulates growth and development
Interacts with the nervous system to control body functions

Components

Endocrine Glands

Produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
Include pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes
Pituitary gland is the master gland that regulates other endocrine glands