Functional Groups and pKa Values

Study Notes

Functional Groups and Their pKa Values

Aldehyde: A functional group characterized by a carbonyl (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
Alkane: Saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds between carbon atoms; pKa value is approximately 50.
Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond; pKa value is around 45.
Halide: Compounds where a halogen atom replaces a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon; no specific pKa value provided.
Alkyne: Unsaturated hydrocarbons featuring at least one carbon-carbon triple bond; has a pKa value of about 25.
Amide: Derivative of carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl group is replaced by an amine or ammonia; no specific pKa value provided.
Benzene: An aromatic hydrocarbon with a cyclic structure of carbon atoms and alternating double bonds; no specific pKa value provided.
Carboxylic Acid: Organic acids containing a carboxyl group (−COOH); pKa values range from 4 to 5, indicating they are relatively strong acids.
Ester: Derived from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid; no specific pKa value provided.
Ether: Organic compounds with an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups; no specific pKa value provided.
Ketone: Organic compounds characterized by a carbonyl group flanked by two carbon groups; no specific pKa value provided.
Alcohol: Compounds with one or more hydroxyl groups (–OH); pKa values range from 16 to 19, indicating moderate acidity.
Amine: Organic compounds that contain nitrogen; typically basic in nature with pKa values between 35 and 40.
Nitrile: Compounds containing the cyano group (–C≡N); no specific pKa value provided.
Anhydride: Formed from the condensation of two carboxylic acids, losing water; no specific pKa value provided.
Acid chloride: Reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids formed by replacing the hydroxyl group with a chloride; no specific pKa value provided.
Nitro: Compounds featuring one or more nitro groups (–NO2); no specific pKa value provided.
Water: A crucial solvent and reactant in many chemical reactions; has a pKa of approximately 15.7, indicating it can act as a weak acid or base.
Bicarbonate: A buffering agent in physiological systems with a pKa of about 10.3, playing a role in maintaining pH balance.
Phenol: Contains a hydroxyl group attached to a benzene ring; has a pKa value of about 10, indicating moderate acidity.
Carbonic Acid: A weak acid formed from the dissolution of carbon dioxide in water; has a pKa of approximately 6.4.
Sulfonic Acid: Strong acids with a sulfonyl group; possess a very low pKa value ranging from 0 to 1, classifying them as strong acids.

Description

Test your knowledge of functional groups and their corresponding pKa values. This quiz covers various organic compounds such as aldehydes, alkenes, and carboxylic acids. Assess your understanding of chemical behavior and acidity in organic chemistry.