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Questions and Answers
What is the pKa value of an alkane?
What is the pKa value of an alkane?
What is the pKa value of an alkene?
What is the pKa value of an alkene?
What is the pKa value of an alkyne?
What is the pKa value of an alkyne?
What is the pKa value of alcohol?
What is the pKa value of alcohol?
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What is the pKa value of amines?
What is the pKa value of amines?
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What is the pKa value of carboxylic acid?
What is the pKa value of carboxylic acid?
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What is the pKa value of ketones?
What is the pKa value of ketones?
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What is the pKa value of aldehydes?
What is the pKa value of aldehydes?
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What is the pKa value of hydrochloric acid (HCl)?
What is the pKa value of hydrochloric acid (HCl)?
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What is the chemical formula of ammonia?
What is the chemical formula of ammonia?
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What is the chemical formula of ammonium?
What is the chemical formula of ammonium?
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What is the chemical formula of ethanol?
What is the chemical formula of ethanol?
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What does the term 'constitutional isomer' mean?
What does the term 'constitutional isomer' mean?
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What is the pKa of pronated amines?
What is the pKa of pronated amines?
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When placing partial charges, which atom receives the negative partial charge?
When placing partial charges, which atom receives the negative partial charge?
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What does a wedge indicate in structural representation?
What does a wedge indicate in structural representation?
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What does a dash indicate in structural representation?
What does a dash indicate in structural representation?
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What configuration does 'cis' describe?
What configuration does 'cis' describe?
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What configuration does 'trans' describe?
What configuration does 'trans' describe?
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What defines polar bonds?
What defines polar bonds?
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What is the electron geometry of sp2 hybridization with no lone pairs?
What is the electron geometry of sp2 hybridization with no lone pairs?
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What is the electron geometry of sp2 hybridization with one lone pair?
What is the electron geometry of sp2 hybridization with one lone pair?
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What is the electron geometry of sp3 hybridization with no lone pairs?
What is the electron geometry of sp3 hybridization with no lone pairs?
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What is the shape of sp3 hybridization with one lone pair?
What is the shape of sp3 hybridization with one lone pair?
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What is the shape of sp3 hybridization with two lone pairs?
What is the shape of sp3 hybridization with two lone pairs?
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Study Notes
Functional Groups and Their pKa Values
- Alkane: Saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds; pKa is 50.
- Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond; pKa is 44.
- Alkyne: Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond; pKa is 25.
- Alcohol: Organic compounds with hydroxyl (-OH) groups; pKa ranges between 16 and 18.
- Amine: Organic compounds containing nitrogen; pKa is 35.
- Amide: A functional group characterized by a carbonyl group attached to a nitrogen atom.
- Carboxylic Acid: Organic acids containing a carboxyl (-COOH) group; pKa is 5.
- Ester: Derived from carboxylic acid and an alcohol; pKa is 25.
- Ether: Organic compounds with an ether linkage (R-O-R); pKa is -5.
- Aldehyde: Organic compounds with a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain; pKa is 20.
- Ketone: Organic compounds with a carbonyl group within the carbon chain; pKa is 20.
Acid Strength and Protonation
- Strong Acid (HCl): pKa is -7, indicating high acidity.
- Ammonia (NH3): The basic form for NH4+ (ammonium).
- Ethanol (C2H5OH): A common alcohol which can act as a weak acid.
- Protonated Form: Represents a state related to the pKa equation (pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])).
Isomerism and Charge Distribution
- Constitutional Isomer: Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures.
- Pronated Amines: Specified with a pKa of 10, indicating basic character.
Stereochemistry
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Wedge and Dash Notation:
- Wedge denotes an atom going "up" (out of the plane).
- Dash signifies an atom going "down" (into the plane).
- Cis Configuration: Both substituents on the same side (both wedges or dashes).
- Trans Configuration: Substituents on opposite sides (one wedge and one dash).
Polar Bonds and Charge Allocation
- Polar Bonds: Any bond not involving hydrogen with carbon (e.g., H-C bond is non-polar).
- Partial Charges: More electronegative atoms acquire a partial negative charge; arrows point towards the negative charge.
Hybridization and Molecular Geometry
- sp2 Hybridization without Lone Pairs: Electron geometry is trigonal planar.
- sp2 Hybridization with One Lone Pair: Electron geometry is trigonal planar, molecular shape is bent.
- sp3 Hybridization without Lone Pairs: Electron geometry is tetrahedral.
- sp3 Hybridization with One Lone Pair: Molecular shape is trigonal pyramidal.
- sp3 Hybridization with Two Lone Pairs: Molecule takes on a bent shape.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the Pka values of various functional groups such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and alcohols. Each card provides vital information that reinforces the understanding of these essential organic chemistry concepts. Ideal for students preparing for exams or anyone looking to enhance their chemistry knowledge.
