Questions and Answers
What is an alkane?
What is an alkene?
What is an alkyne?
What characterizes an aromatic compound?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an alcohol?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a thiol?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an ether?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a carbonyl?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines an aldehyde?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines a ketone?
Signup and view all the answers
What are amines?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an amide?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an ester?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a carboxylic acid?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the structure of an amide?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the structure of an amine?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term phenyl refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What are primary amines?
Signup and view all the answers
What are secondary amines?
Signup and view all the answers
What are tertiary amines?
Signup and view all the answers
Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are nitrogens bound to ______, ______, and ______ carbons, respectively.
Signup and view all the answers
The rule for alcohols is that they are named according to the number of ______ attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Classification of Organic Compounds
- Alkane: Hydrocarbon family characterized by carbon-to-carbon single bonds.
- Alkene: Hydrocarbon family that includes at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond.
- Alkyne: Hydrocarbon family featuring at least one carbon-to-carbon triple bond.
- Aromatic: Hydrocarbon family with a ring structure of 6 carbon atoms, each linked to one hydrogen atom.
Functional Groups
- Alcohol: Contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom in the alkane chain.
- Thiols: Comprise a thiol group (-SH) connected to a carbon atom in the alkane chain.
- Ether: Characterized by an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms from different alkyl groups.
- Carbonyl: Defined by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
Specific Carbonyl Derivatives
- Aldehyde: Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom.
- Ketone: Features a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms from two alkyl groups.
- Amides: Comprise a carbonyl group attached to a nitrogen atom.
- Ester: Recognized by the grouping O=C-O.
- Carboxylic Acid: Identified by the structure O=C-OH.
Amines and Their Types
- Amines: Consist of a nitrogen atom bonded to one, two, or three alkyl groups.
- Primary Amines: One of three hydrogens in ammonia is replaced by an alkyl or aromatic group. Examples include methylamine and aniline.
- Secondary Amines: Feature two organic substituents connected to nitrogen along with one hydrogen. Key examples are dimethylamine and diphenylamine.
- Tertiary Amines: All three hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic substituents. Notable examples include trimethylamine and triphenylamine.
Naming Alcohols and Amines
- Alcohols are named based on the number of carbons connected to the carbon holding the hydroxyl group, indicating whether it is a primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol.
- Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines indicate the number of carbon groups bonded to nitrogen: one, two, and three respectively.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Dive into the essential concepts of organic compounds with our CHEM 1110 flashcards focused on functional groups. Learn about alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons through concise definitions. Ideal for students looking to solidify their understanding of organic chemistry.
