CHEM 1110 - Functional Groups Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is an alkane?

  • Hydrocarbon family with a ring of 6 carbon atoms
  • Hydrocarbon family with at least one carbon to carbon double bond
  • Hydrocarbon family with only carbon to carbon single bonds (correct)
  • Hydrocarbon family with at least one carbon to carbon triple bond

    • What is an alkene?

  • Hydrocarbon family with at least one carbon to carbon triple bond
  • Hydrocarbon family with only carbon to carbon single bonds
  • Hydrocarbon family with a ring of 6 carbon atoms
  • Hydrocarbon family with at least one carbon to carbon double bond (correct)

    • What is an alkyne?

  • Hydrocarbon family with at least one carbon to carbon double bond
  • Hydrocarbon family with only carbon to carbon single bonds
  • Hydrocarbon family with at least one carbon to carbon triple bond (correct)
  • Hydrocarbon family with an oxygen atom bonded to 2 carbon atoms

    • What characterizes an aromatic compound?

    <p>Has a ring of 6 carbon atoms with one hydrogen atom attached to each carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alcohol?

    <p>Contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to a carbon atom of the alkane chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a thiol?

    <p>Contains a thiol group (-SH) bonded to a carbon atom of the alkane chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ether?

    <p>Contains an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms of two alkyl groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a carbonyl?

    <p>A carbon atom with a double bond to an oxygen atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an aldehyde?

    <p>The carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to a hydrogen atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a ketone?

    <p>The carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to two carbon atoms of two alkyl groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are amines?

    <p>A nitrogen atom is bonded to one, two, or three alkyl groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an amide?

    <p>A carbonyl group is attached to a nitrogen atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ester?

    <p>O=C-O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a carboxylic acid?

    <p>0=C-OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of an amide?

    <p>O=C-NH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of an amine?

    <p>N-H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term phenyl refer to?

    <p>C-H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are primary amines?

    <p>Primary amines arise when one of three hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced by an alkyl or aromatic group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are secondary amines?

    <p>Secondary amines have two organic substituents bound to nitrogen together with one hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are tertiary amines?

    <p>Tertiary amines have all three hydrogen atoms replaced by organic substituents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are nitrogens bound to ______, ______, and ______ carbons, respectively.

    <p>one, two, three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rule for alcohols is that they are named according to the number of ______ attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group.

    <p>carbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classification of Organic Compounds

    • Alkane: Hydrocarbon family characterized by carbon-to-carbon single bonds.
    • Alkene: Hydrocarbon family that includes at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond.
    • Alkyne: Hydrocarbon family featuring at least one carbon-to-carbon triple bond.
    • Aromatic: Hydrocarbon family with a ring structure of 6 carbon atoms, each linked to one hydrogen atom.

    Functional Groups

    • Alcohol: Contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom in the alkane chain.
    • Thiols: Comprise a thiol group (-SH) connected to a carbon atom in the alkane chain.
    • Ether: Characterized by an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms from different alkyl groups.
    • Carbonyl: Defined by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.

    Specific Carbonyl Derivatives

    • Aldehyde: Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom.
    • Ketone: Features a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms from two alkyl groups.
    • Amides: Comprise a carbonyl group attached to a nitrogen atom.
    • Ester: Recognized by the grouping O=C-O.
    • Carboxylic Acid: Identified by the structure O=C-OH.

    Amines and Their Types

    • Amines: Consist of a nitrogen atom bonded to one, two, or three alkyl groups.
    • Primary Amines: One of three hydrogens in ammonia is replaced by an alkyl or aromatic group. Examples include methylamine and aniline.
    • Secondary Amines: Feature two organic substituents connected to nitrogen along with one hydrogen. Key examples are dimethylamine and diphenylamine.
    • Tertiary Amines: All three hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic substituents. Notable examples include trimethylamine and triphenylamine.

    Naming Alcohols and Amines

    • Alcohols are named based on the number of carbons connected to the carbon holding the hydroxyl group, indicating whether it is a primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol.
    • Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines indicate the number of carbon groups bonded to nitrogen: one, two, and three respectively.

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    Description

    Dive into the essential concepts of organic compounds with our CHEM 1110 flashcards focused on functional groups. Learn about alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons through concise definitions. Ideal for students looking to solidify their understanding of organic chemistry.

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