CHEM 1110 - Functional Groups Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is an alkane?

  • Hydrocarbon family with a ring of 6 carbon atoms
  • Hydrocarbon family with at least one carbon to carbon double bond
  • Hydrocarbon family with only carbon to carbon single bonds (correct)
  • Hydrocarbon family with at least one carbon to carbon triple bond

What is an alkene?

  • Hydrocarbon family with at least one carbon to carbon triple bond
  • Hydrocarbon family with only carbon to carbon single bonds
  • Hydrocarbon family with a ring of 6 carbon atoms
  • Hydrocarbon family with at least one carbon to carbon double bond (correct)

What is an alkyne?

  • Hydrocarbon family with at least one carbon to carbon double bond
  • Hydrocarbon family with only carbon to carbon single bonds
  • Hydrocarbon family with at least one carbon to carbon triple bond (correct)
  • Hydrocarbon family with an oxygen atom bonded to 2 carbon atoms

What characterizes an aromatic compound?

<p>Has a ring of 6 carbon atoms with one hydrogen atom attached to each carbon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an alcohol?

<p>Contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to a carbon atom of the alkane chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a thiol?

<p>Contains a thiol group (-SH) bonded to a carbon atom of the alkane chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ether?

<p>Contains an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms of two alkyl groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a carbonyl?

<p>A carbon atom with a double bond to an oxygen atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines an aldehyde?

<p>The carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to a hydrogen atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a ketone?

<p>The carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to two carbon atoms of two alkyl groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are amines?

<p>A nitrogen atom is bonded to one, two, or three alkyl groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an amide?

<p>A carbonyl group is attached to a nitrogen atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ester?

<p>O=C-O</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a carboxylic acid?

<p>0=C-OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of an amide?

<p>O=C-NH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of an amine?

<p>N-H</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term phenyl refer to?

<p>C-H</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are primary amines?

<p>Primary amines arise when one of three hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced by an alkyl or aromatic group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are secondary amines?

<p>Secondary amines have two organic substituents bound to nitrogen together with one hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are tertiary amines?

<p>Tertiary amines have all three hydrogen atoms replaced by organic substituents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are nitrogens bound to ______, ______, and ______ carbons, respectively.

<p>one, two, three</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rule for alcohols is that they are named according to the number of ______ attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group.

<p>carbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Alkane

A hydrocarbon with only single bonds between carbons.

Alkene

A hydrocarbon with at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

Alkyne

A hydrocarbon with at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.

Aromatic

Hydrocarbon with a 6-carbon ring structure, often with alternating single and double bonds.

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Alcohol Functional Group

Contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon.

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Thiol Functional Group

A -SH group attached to a carbon.

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Ether Functional Group

An oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms.

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Carbonyl Functional Group

A carbon double-bonded to an oxygen.

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Aldehyde

Carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen and one carbon.

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Ketone

Carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbons.

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Amide

Carbonyl group connected to a nitrogen.

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Ester

O=C-O group

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Carboxylic Acid

Carbonyl-OH group

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Amines

Nitrogen bonded to one, two, or three alkyl groups

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Primary Amine

Nitrogen bonded to one alkyl group and two hydrogens

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Secondary Amine

Nitrogen bonded to two alkyl groups and one hydrogen

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Tertiary Amine

Nitrogen bonded to three alkyl groups

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Primary Alcohol

Hydroxyl group on a carbon with one other carbon attached

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Secondary Alcohol

Hydroxyl group on a carbon with two other carbons attached

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Tertiary Alcohol

Hydroxyl group on a carbon with three other carbons attached

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Study Notes

Classification of Organic Compounds

  • Alkane: Hydrocarbon family characterized by carbon-to-carbon single bonds.
  • Alkene: Hydrocarbon family that includes at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond.
  • Alkyne: Hydrocarbon family featuring at least one carbon-to-carbon triple bond.
  • Aromatic: Hydrocarbon family with a ring structure of 6 carbon atoms, each linked to one hydrogen atom.

Functional Groups

  • Alcohol: Contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom in the alkane chain.
  • Thiols: Comprise a thiol group (-SH) connected to a carbon atom in the alkane chain.
  • Ether: Characterized by an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms from different alkyl groups.
  • Carbonyl: Defined by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.

Specific Carbonyl Derivatives

  • Aldehyde: Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom.
  • Ketone: Features a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms from two alkyl groups.
  • Amides: Comprise a carbonyl group attached to a nitrogen atom.
  • Ester: Recognized by the grouping O=C-O.
  • Carboxylic Acid: Identified by the structure O=C-OH.

Amines and Their Types

  • Amines: Consist of a nitrogen atom bonded to one, two, or three alkyl groups.
  • Primary Amines: One of three hydrogens in ammonia is replaced by an alkyl or aromatic group. Examples include methylamine and aniline.
  • Secondary Amines: Feature two organic substituents connected to nitrogen along with one hydrogen. Key examples are dimethylamine and diphenylamine.
  • Tertiary Amines: All three hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic substituents. Notable examples include trimethylamine and triphenylamine.

Naming Alcohols and Amines

  • Alcohols are named based on the number of carbons connected to the carbon holding the hydroxyl group, indicating whether it is a primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol.
  • Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines indicate the number of carbon groups bonded to nitrogen: one, two, and three respectively.

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