6 Questions
Quina de les següents propietats és típica dels halurs d'alquíl?
Són capaços de participar en l'enllaçament d'hidrogen
Quin és el nom genèric dels compostos amb fórmula general R-OH?
Alcohols
Quina de les següents afirmacions sobre les cetones és certa?
Les cetones són menys polars que els aldehids
Quin és el nom del compost amb fórmula general CH3CH2Cl?
Cloroetà
Quina de les següents propietats és comuna a tots els compostos orgànics mencionats?
La seva solubilitat en aigua disminueix amb el pes molecular
Quin dels següents compostos és un èter?
CH3CH2OCH2CH3
Study Notes
Alkyl Halides
- Also known as haloalkanes
- General formula: R-X, where R is an alkyl group and X is a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I)
- Classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon bearing the halogen
- Properties:
- Polar and can participate in hydrogen bonding
- Boiling points increase with increasing molecular weight and polarizability of the halogen
- Solubility in water decreases with increasing molecular weight
- Examples: chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl), bromomethane (CH3Br)
Alcohols
- General formula: R-OH
- Classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group
- Properties:
- Polar and can participate in hydrogen bonding
- Boiling points increase with increasing molecular weight
- Solubility in water decreases with increasing molecular weight
- Examples: methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (CH3CH2OH)
Ethers
- General formula: R-O-R'
- Properties:
- Less polar than alcohols due to the absence of a hydrogen atom attached to the oxygen
- Lower boiling points than alcohols
- Solubility in water decreases with increasing molecular weight
- Examples: diethyl ether (CH3CH2OCH2CH3), dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3)
Aldehydes
- General formula: R-CHO
- Properties:
- Polar and can participate in hydrogen bonding
- Boiling points increase with increasing molecular weight
- Solubility in water decreases with increasing molecular weight
- Examples: methanal (HCHO), ethanal (CH3CHO)
Ketones
- General formula: R-CO-R'
- Properties:
- Less polar than aldehydes due to the absence of a hydrogen atom attached to the carbon
- Lower boiling points than aldehydes
- Solubility in water decreases with increasing molecular weight
- Examples: propanone (CH3COCH3), butanone (CH3CH2COCH3)
Note: These are general properties and examples, and specific compounds may exhibit different characteristics.
Prova sobre les propietats i exemples de funcionalitats orgàniques com halurs d'alquil, alcohols, èters, aldehids i cetones.
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