Funcionalitats Orgàniques

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Questions and Answers

Quina de les següents propietats és típica dels halurs d'alquíl?

  • Són molt solubles en aigua
  • Tenen una fórmula general R-OH
  • Són capaços de participar en l'enllaçament d'hidrogen (correct)
  • Tenen un punt d'ebullició molt baix

Quin és el nom genèric dels compostos amb fórmula general R-OH?

  • Alcohols (correct)
  • Cetones
  • Eters
  • Aldehids

Quina de les següents afirmacions sobre les cetones és certa?

  • Les cetones són més polars que els aldehids
  • Les cetones són molt solubles en aigua
  • Les cetones són menys polars que els aldehids (correct)
  • Les cetones tenen un punt d'ebullició més alt que els aldehids

Quin és el nom del compost amb fórmula general CH3CH2Cl?

<p>Cloroetà (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quina de les següents propietats és comuna a tots els compostos orgànics mencionats?

<p>La seva solubilitat en aigua disminueix amb el pes molecular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quin dels següents compostos és un èter?

<p>CH3CH2OCH2CH3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Alkyl Halides

  • Also known as haloalkanes
  • General formula: R-X, where R is an alkyl group and X is a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I)
  • Classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon bearing the halogen
  • Properties:
    • Polar and can participate in hydrogen bonding
    • Boiling points increase with increasing molecular weight and polarizability of the halogen
    • Solubility in water decreases with increasing molecular weight
  • Examples: chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl), bromomethane (CH3Br)

Alcohols

  • General formula: R-OH
  • Classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group
  • Properties:
    • Polar and can participate in hydrogen bonding
    • Boiling points increase with increasing molecular weight
    • Solubility in water decreases with increasing molecular weight
  • Examples: methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (CH3CH2OH)

Ethers

  • General formula: R-O-R'
  • Properties:
    • Less polar than alcohols due to the absence of a hydrogen atom attached to the oxygen
    • Lower boiling points than alcohols
    • Solubility in water decreases with increasing molecular weight
  • Examples: diethyl ether (CH3CH2OCH2CH3), dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3)

Aldehydes

  • General formula: R-CHO
  • Properties:
    • Polar and can participate in hydrogen bonding
    • Boiling points increase with increasing molecular weight
    • Solubility in water decreases with increasing molecular weight
  • Examples: methanal (HCHO), ethanal (CH3CHO)

Ketones

  • General formula: R-CO-R'
  • Properties:
    • Less polar than aldehydes due to the absence of a hydrogen atom attached to the carbon
    • Lower boiling points than aldehydes
    • Solubility in water decreases with increasing molecular weight
  • Examples: propanone (CH3COCH3), butanone (CH3CH2COCH3)

Note: These are general properties and examples, and specific compounds may exhibit different characteristics.

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