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• Globalization is a very important change.
• Globalization makes people see themselves as part of what is referred to as the "global age".
• Globalization encompasses broad and inclusive aspects, such as the onset of the borderless world.
• Globalization has narrow and exclusive characteristics like new migratory movements, and the rise of a competitive environment that accelerates these processes.
• Some view globalization positively as world shrinkage with distances getting shorter.
• Some view globalization negatively as something occurring through regression, colonialism, and destabilization.
• Overall, globalization is a complex concept with no easy definition.

Metaphors of Globalization

• Metaphors are used to understand globalization by comparing different things that have something in coomon.
• Solid and liquid are metaphors of globalization.

Solidity / Solid

• Solidity refers to barriers that prevent or make difficult the movements of things.
• Solidity can be natural or man-made.
• Natural solidity includes land forms and bodies of water.
• Man-made solidity includes things made by humans.

Liquidity / Liquid

• Liquidity refers to the increasing ease of movement of people, things, information, and places in the contemporary world.
• Today's liquid phenomena change quickly and their aspects, spatial and temporal, are in continuous fluctuation.
• Movement of liquid phenomena is difficult to stop.
• Liquidity is increasing and proliferating
• Liquidity best describes globalization.
• Flows refers to the movement of people, things, places, and information brought by the growing “ porosity" of global; limitations

Aspects of Flows

• Trade, and the import and export of goods and services
• Telecommunication, complex and extensive flows of information used for communication, power exchanges
• Migration, people coming from one place to another

Homogeneity

• Homogeneity refers to the increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, and similar forms of government.
• Homogeneity in culture often relates to cultural imperialism, where a given culture influences others.
• The global flow of media is often characterized as media imperialism.
• Global media is dominated by a small number of large corporations.
• The Internet can be seen as an arena for alternative media.
• The contemporary world is undergoing the process of McDonaldization.
• McDonaldization involves the global spread of rational systems like efficiency, calculability, predictability and control.
• McWorld is existing

McWorld vs. Jihad

• McWorld is the globalization of Politics
• Commodification of Culture is part of McWorld theory
• Homogenizing power of 4 imperatives, a market imperative, a resource imperative, an information-technology imperative, ecological imperative.
• Jihad represents fierce tribalism.
• Jihad represents the evolution of nationalism from a force of unification to a force of differentiation.
• Jihad is Anti-Globalism, Anti-Capitalism, Anti-colonialism and Anti-Homogenization.

Dynamics of Local and Global Culture

• There are 3 perspectives on Global Cultural flow.
• Cultural Differentialism emphasizes that cultures are essentially different and are only affected by global flows.
• Cultural Hybridization emphasizes the integration of local and global cultures,
• Cultural Converge stresses homogeneity introduced by globalization.

The Globalization of Religion

• Globalization transforms generic religion into a world-system of competing and conflicting religions.

Globalization and Regionalization

• Globalization and regionalization reemerged during the 1980s and heightened after the end of the Cold War in the 1990s.
• Regionalization of the world system and economic activity undermines the potential benefits coming out from a liberalized global economy.
• In 2007, The Financial Times revealed that the majority of Europeans consider that globalization brings negative effects to their societies.
• Gradual development of inter-regional relations such as the ASEAN, the European Union, or the South American trade bloc, Mercosur should be considered.
• Regionalization in one part of the world encourages regionalization elsewhere whether by imitation, like the success of the European Single Market.

The Relationship Between Regionalization and Globalization

• Hurell (2007) debated this in his “one (global) world/many (regional) worlds relationship"
• Regional developments in one part of have affected and fueled regionalization everywhere else in a sort of contagion or domino effect.
• The regionalization process is global in nature.
• Regionalization is intimately linked.
• Globalization is a long term cyclical process.
• Finding its origin will be a daunting task.

Epoch

• The following are the sequential occurrence of the epochs:
• Globalization of religion (fourth to seventh centuries)
• European colonial conquests (late fifteenth century)
• Intra-European wars (late eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries)
• Heydey of European imperialism (mid-nineteenth century to 1918)
• Post-World War II period
• Post-Cold War period

Events specific to Globalization

• Specific events are also considered as part of the fourth view in explaining the origin of globalization.
• Recent years could also be regarded as the beginnings of globalization with reference to specific technological advances in transportation and communication.

Three Notable Changes

• The emergence of the United States as the global power

• The emergence of multinational corporations

• The demise of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War

• Dominant military and economic power of US after WWII

• US outran Germany and Japan in terms of industry

• Axis powers and Allies fell behind economically

• The US soon began to progress in different aspects like diplomacy, media, film and many more

• The Usa, Germany, and Great Britain had in their homeland great corporations

• However, they did not remain there as far their production and market are concerned

Global Demography

• Demographic Transition is a singular historical period during which mortality and fertility rates decline decline from high to low levels.
• Birth,Migration, and Aging are the Three Main Demographic Processes.
• These processes contribute to changes in populations, including how people inhabit the earth, form nations and societies, and develop culture

Global Migration Categories

• Vagabonds
• Tourist

Labor Migration

• Defined as the movement of persons from their home State to another State for the purpose of employment
• "PUSH” factors compel a person, due to different reasons, to leave that place and go to some other place.

Illegal Immigration

• Refers to the migration of people into a country in violation of the immigration laws of that country, or the continued residence without the legal right to live in that country