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Questions and Answers
What does the frustration-aggression principle state?
What does the frustration-aggression principle state?
- Frustration has no effect on behavior
- Aggression is always justified
- Anger can lead to aggression due to frustration (correct)
- Frustration blocks attempts to achieve goals (correct)
Who is associated with the hypothesis based on catharsis and aggression?
Who is associated with the hypothesis based on catharsis and aggression?
Dollard
What might cause aggression that is not directly expressed to the source?
What might cause aggression that is not directly expressed to the source?
- Abstract causes like government actions
- Serious consequences of the cause
- Unavailable causes
- All of the above (correct)
What experiment did Geen conduct related to aggression?
What experiment did Geen conduct related to aggression?
What environmental trigger did Berkowitz mention as potentially causing aggression?
What environmental trigger did Berkowitz mention as potentially causing aggression?
Bushman's findings support the idea that venting anger through physical means is cathartic.
Bushman's findings support the idea that venting anger through physical means is cathartic.
Aggression is always prompted by frustration.
Aggression is always prompted by frustration.
The frustration-aggression theory ____ mundane realism.
The frustration-aggression theory ____ mundane realism.
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Study Notes
Frustration-Aggression Principle
- Frustration occurs when attempts to achieve a goal are blocked, which leads to feelings of anger and potential aggression.
Dollard's Hypothesis
- Aggression derives from psychological drives, connecting to the concept of catharsis.
- Accumulation of frustration can lead to aggressive behavior, generating a need for an outlet like violent fantasies.
Indirect Expression of Aggression
- Frustration can arise from abstract sources, such as political situations (e.g., government actions on Brexit).
- Consequences of aggression may be deemed too severe to express directly.
- The source of frustration might be inaccessible or unavailable for direct confrontation.
Geen's Experiment
- Participants solved puzzles under different frustrating conditions (impossible puzzles, interference by a confederate, or insults).
- Results showed that those insulted delivered the highest electric shocks to the confederate, highlighting the connection between provocation and aggression.
Berkowitz's Contribution
- Introduced the idea of environmental triggers, suggesting that symbolic elements, like openly carried firearms, can escalate aggressive behavior.
Bushman's Findings
- Challenged the catharsis theory; participants who vented anger through physical activity (like punching a bag) exhibited increased aggression, contradicting the idea that expressing anger reduces it.
Aggression Beyond Frustration
- Aggressive responses can be prompted by immediate threats (fight or flight response), rather than a buildup of frustration.
Limitations of Studies
- Studies often lack mundane realism; participants engage in hypothetical scenarios rather than real aggression, influencing accuracy in predicting actual emotional responses and behaviors.
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