Aggression and Violence Concepts
45 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a key consequence of parents using physical control strategies more with sons than daughters?

  • Sons develop less aggressive behavior than daughters.
  • Children learn to model aggression from their parents. (correct)
  • Daughters become more physically controlling than sons.
  • Sons receive more emotional support than daughters.

In which type of environment is an honour culture most likely to develop?

  • Troubled neighborhoods with limited authority. (correct)
  • Well-regulated communities with high law enforcement.
  • Wealthy suburbs with strong community ties.
  • Educational institutions focused on conflict resolution.

What does a culture of honour typically expect in terms of responses to insults?

  • Calm discussions and conflict resolution.
  • Disproportionate levels of violence over minor offenses. (correct)
  • Public apologies to restore reputation.
  • Legal processes to address grievances.

According to social learning theory, what role do parents play in the aggression seen in children?

<p>Their display of aggression promotes gender stereotypes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might the aggressive behavior of a child be affected if a parent uses physical control on them at the age of three?

<p>They may display aggression even earlier at age four. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one factor that contributes to negative affect?

<p>Frustration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, how does proximity affect frustration?

<p>Greater proximity increases frustration when something is taken away. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the difference in aggression is attributed to gender, according to Hyde (1984)?

<p>5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about aggression and gender is true?

<p>Men exhibit greater aggression unprovoked than women. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of aggression is noted to be used more by girls?

<p>Indirect aggression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes aggression from violence?

<p>Aggression can be verbal or physical; violence specifically causes extreme harm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence aggression according to the provided content?

<p>Conflict resolution skills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the features of aggression is correct?

<p>Victims of aggression must desire to avoid harm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Boys are primarily noted for which type of aggression?

<p>Physical aggression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Frustration-Aggression Theory, what is the relationship between frustration and aggression?

<p>Frustration can cause emotions other than aggression. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key finding from Archer and McDaniel's 1995 study regarding teenagers' responses to conflicts?

<p>Men showed a greater tendency towards violent solutions across all countries studied. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Reformulated Frustration-Aggression Model, what must happen for frustration to lead to aggressive behavior?

<p>Frustration must generate negative affect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the original Frustration-Aggression Theory?

<p>It solely focuses on frustration as the cause of aggression. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the likelihood of aggression increase when faced with frustration?

<p>By having expectations that something will go wrong. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would NOT result in aggression, according to the content?

<p>Frustration when outcomes are anticipated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding aggressive behavior?

<p>Aggression may or may not achieve its intended goal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the development of a culture of honour in the Southern USA?

<p>To ensure self-reliance in the pursuit of justice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does testosterone affect aggression according to the findings?

<p>It both causes and results from aggressive behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor increases the perception of an insult as a threat to one's honour?

<p>The public nature of the insult (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What correlation is observed in honour cultures regarding domestic violence?

<p>Increased intimate partner violence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Hostile Attribution Bias linked to?

<p>High levels of anxiety and fear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What outcome is likely for children with a high hostile attribution style?

<p>Increased risk of martial conflict in adulthood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend is observed in American presidents from the South regarding military engagement?

<p>More likely to engage in war and succeed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is commonly exhibited by aggressive individuals when facing ambiguous situations?

<p>They interpret the situation as a threat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key relationship mentioned regarding hostile attribution bias?

<p>It is correlated with aggression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is alcohol used in combat situations according to the content?

<p>To reduce anxiety and increase aggression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does alcohol do to glucose levels in the brain?

<p>Reduces glucose levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does schema theory relate to alcohol and aggression?

<p>Alcohol increases aggression due to pre-existing expectations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does exposure to violent media have on children according to the findings?

<p>It leads to greater aggressiveness towards friends. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was observed after televised boxing matches regarding racial violence?

<p>If a black man lost, more black men were murdered. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of watching violent TV on emotional responses to real life violence?

<p>It decreases emotional response and empathy towards violence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the findings discussed, how does watching aggressive films affect responses to provocation?

<p>It conditions viewers to become more aggressive and reactive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Social Learning Theory, exposure to violent media can lead individuals to develop which of the following?

<p>Aggressive or violent scripts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant finding was mentioned regarding previous experience with violent video games and aggression?

<p>It has no relation to aggression in laboratory studies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Catharsis Hypothesis suggest about aggression?

<p>It requires release through various activities, including video games. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the study find regarding the control group's aggression levels compared to other groups?

<p>The control group showed lower aggression levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has research on video games and aggression been criticized regarding publication bias?

<p>Studies favor results that support pre-existing beliefs about violent video games. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the Mood Management theory in relation to violent video games?

<p>Individuals choose violent media to match a negative mood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue was identified in studies evaluating the Catharsis Hypothesis?

<p>Proper frustration was not induced before game play. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion should be drawn from the findings related to violent video games as a means to manage feelings?

<p>They may not be an appropriate means for emotional management. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Aggression

Any behavior, physical, verbal, or relational, intended to harm someone who wants to avoid harm.

Violence

Aggression intended to cause extreme physical harm, serious injury, or death.

Frustration-Aggression Theory 1

Aggression is always caused by frustration.

Limitations of Frustration-Aggression Theory 1

Doesn't consider other causes of aggression (e.g., tiredness, anxiety) and other outcomes of frustration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reformulated Frustration-Aggression Model 2

Frustration leads to aggression only through negative feelings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Negative feelings & aggression

Negative feelings increase the likelihood of aggressive inclinations, but do not guarantee aggression.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Unintentional frustration

Unintentional, accidental, or meaningless frustrations reduce the chance of negative feelings and aggression.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anticipating frustration

Anticipating a problem reduces frustration and potentially aggression.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Expectation & Aggression

Understanding that you might not reach a goal reduces frustration, negativity, and aggression when failure occurs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proximity & Frustration

The closer you are to something desired, but it's taken away, the higher the frustration, negative emotions, and aggression.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Negative Affect Causes

Negative feelings can stem from frustration, pain, discomfort, heat/humidity, and unpleasant smells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aggression Influencers

Personality, mood, gender, culture, cognitive biases, alcohol, and media contribute to aggressive behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Norms & Aggression

Social standards and the likely consequences often influence whether or not aggression occurs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Target/Victim Attributions

Aggression might be influenced by who the target/victim is. Gender and age matter.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gender & Aggression (Summary)

Studies show men are often perceived as more physically aggressive than women, although the forms of aggression can differ.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Culture & Aggression

Different cultures display varying levels and types of aggression, and cultural context plays a crucial role. Men in every culture tended to show a stronger tendency toward aggressive solutions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parenting & Aggression in Children

Parents' physical discipline methods, especially toward sons, can model aggressive behavior, potentially leading to higher aggression levels in children.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Honour Culture Definition

A culture where individuals feel compelled to safeguard their reputation through potentially violent actions in response to perceived insults or threats.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Honour Culture Reasons

Honour cultures often develop in places with weak authority, law enforcement, or social protection, where individuals must rely on direct action.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Honour Culture Responses

People in honour cultures often react forcefully/violently to minor offenses, attempting to establish and maintain dominance by deterring attacks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Implicit Stereotypes and Aggression

Unconscious stereotypes about gender, possibly connected to parental behavior, play a role in shaping aggression in children.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Culture of Honour (Southern USA)

A cultural norm where individuals feel a strong need to defend their honour and are more likely to respond aggressively to perceived threats or insults, especially in public.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hostile Attribution Bias

The tendency to interpret ambiguous social interactions as aggressive and hostile.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Testosterone and Aggression

Higher testosterone levels are associated with increased aggression and the anticipation of aggression in some situations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Honour Cultures and War

Societies with prominent honour cultures may be more prone to conflict and the use of force in international relations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Public Insults and Masculinity

In honour cultures, public insults are perceived as threats to a male's masculinity and are more likely to elicit aggressive responses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aggression and Honour Cultures

Culture influences aggressive behaviour to validate masculinity and protect one's honour within the group, leading to heightened conflict risk.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Culture of Honour & Domestic Violence

Honour cultures have been linked to increased instances of domestic violence, potentially due to rigid social expectations and justifications for violence.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Consequences of Hostile Attribution Bias

A prevailing tendency to see neutral or ambiguous actions as aggressive can lead to problems such as heightened school and domestic violence, as well as reluctance to seek mental health support.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hostile Attribution Bias & Aggression

People with a hostile attribution bias (interpreting others' actions as hostile) are more likely to act aggressively.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alcohol & Aggression (Correlational)

Alcohol use is linked to violent crime and increased aggression in experiments, but the connection isn't proven to be causal.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alcohol's Disinhibiting Effect

Alcohol reduces inhibitions, making people less cautious about acting in socially unacceptable ways.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alcohol & Self-Control

Alcohol reduces glucose levels, which in turn impacts the part of the brain that regulates self-control.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alcohol & Aggression (Schema Theory)

People's expectations that alcohol leads to aggression can increase the likelihood of aggressive behavior when drinking.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Media Violence & Aggression

Exposure to media violence (TV, movies) can lead to increased aggression in viewers, potentially through desensitization.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Media & Aggression Correlation (Eron, 1982)

Watching violent media as a teenager correlates with increased aggression later in life.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Media Violence & Desensitization

Repeated exposure to violent media reduces emotional response and empathy towards real-life violence.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Learning Theory (Video Games)

Playing violent video games can teach players aggressive behaviors that they might use in real life.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Catharsis Hypothesis (Video Games)

The idea that playing violent video games releases aggressive feelings in a healthy way.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mood Management (Video Games)

People might choose violent games to improve their moods or deal with negative emotions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Video Game Violence Study Results (Ferguson, C.J., Rueda, S.M.)

Study found no significant link between violent video games and aggression, some data even suggested the opposite.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Previous experience with violent video games

The study didn't find a relation between playing violent games before and aggression.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Video Games and Aggression(Research Issues)

Problems with previous research include potential biases, poor measures of aggression, or a failure to properly set up the experiment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Unexpected Study Result (Video Games and Aggression)

The control group (not exposed to violent games) showed lower aggression levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Control Group Aggression

The group with no video games showed lower levels of aggression, which might mean the opposite of the 'social learning theory'; video games may reduce aggression.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Aggression Defined

  • Aggression is any behavior—physical, verbal, or relational—intended to harm someone who does not want to be harmed.

Features of Aggression

  • Aggressive behavior is observable action, not internal thoughts or feelings.
  • Aggression is intentional, not accidental.
  • Victims want to avoid harm.
  • Aggression may or may not achieve its goal.
  • The aim is to hurt another person intentionally.

Violence Defined

  • Violence is aggression intended to cause extreme physical harm, including serious injury or death.

Frustration Aggression Theory 1

  • Aggressive behavior is always caused by frustration.
  • Frustration always leads to aggression.
  • Frustration occurs when a person is prevented from achieving a goal.

Limitations & Problems of Frustration Aggression Theory 1

  • Ignores other causes of aggression, such as tiredness, anxiety, or being overwhelmed.
  • Frustration can result in other emotions besides aggression, such as sadness or depression.

Reformulated Frustration-Aggression Model 2

  • Frustration leads to aggression only when it produces negative affect.
  • Frustration and other discomforts lead to aggression when they elicit negative affect and aggressive inclinations.

Factors influencing the likelihood of aggression

  • If frustration is unintentional or meaningless: This reduces the likelihood of aggression.
  • Anticipating difficulties: Anticipating a problem reduces frustration.
  • Failing to reach a goal: Failing to reach a goal close to completion will result in increased frustration, negative affect, and aggression.
  • Importance of expectations: Understanding that you may not achieve a goal will lessen frustration and aggression.
  • Closeness to attainment: Being very close to achieving something but then not succeeding will result in greater frustration.

Negative Affect and its Causes

  • Frustration
  • Pain
  • Discomfort
  • Heat or humidity
  • Offensive odors

Factors influencing aggression (other than negative affect)

  • Personality
  • Mood
  • Gender
  • Culture
  • Cognitive biases
  • Alcohol
  • Media

Aggression and Social Norms

  • Social norms influence aggressive behaviors.
  • Consequences can prevent aggression.
  • Target Attributions: Men often translate aggression into behavior more than women
  • Victim Attributions: Aggression often directed at those of the same gender/sex and those of a younger, or perceived weaker, age.

Gender and Aggression

  • Hyde (1984): Gender difference for aggression is minimal (only 5%).
  • Unprovoked men are more physically aggressive than unprovoked women.
  • Emotional arousal increases aggression in men.
  • Men are generally more physically aggressive than women. However, women may be more indirect.

Gender & Culture & Aggression 2

  • Men tend to have a more violent approach in conflict resolutions.
  • Women in some cultures more aggressive than men.

Social Learning Theory

  • Children learn aggressive behavior via observation, observation of aggressive parents is a contributing factor.
  • Parents' behaviors contribute to gender differences in aggression.
  • Physical discipline by parents can increase aggression in children.

Culture of Honour

  • An honor culture is where individuals feel obligated to protect their reputation and use insults, threats, and violence to do so.
  • Honor cultures exist in America, Southern America, inner-city neighbourhoods, the Middle East, and jails.
  • Honor cultures tend to develop in areas with a lack of law enforcement or ineffective authority.
  • Individuals in honor cultures respond with disproportionate levels of violence over small things; trying to establish dominance, protect themselves and deter others from interfering.

Why do honor cultures develop?

  • Lack of authority
  • Lack of law enforcement
  • No reliable authority to protect citizens
  • People feel the need to protect themselves

Results of Testosterone and Aggression:

  • Testosterone increases aggressive responses.
  • Testosterone Increases anticipation of aggression.
  • Testosterone is both a cause and a consequence of aggression.
  • An insult is a more significant trigger for aggression when done in front of an audience. Public insults negatively affect masculinity in those from honor cultures.

Media Influence on Aggression

  • Southern men try to prove their masculinity through aggression
  • Exposure of honor cultures increase: intimate partner, school and other forms of violence.
  • Reduced use of mental health services.
  • The more violent content people consume via social media, the less likely to be aroused by those violent acts in real life.

Cognitive Biases and Aggression

  • Hostile Attribution Bias: Perceiving ambiguous actions as hostile
  • High hostile attribution = aggression
  • Hostile attribution develops through early experiences and personality styles.
  • Aggressive people tend to interpret ambiguous situations as threats and hostile intentions
  • The correlation between hostile attribution bias and aggression is observed but not causal

Alcohol and Aggression

  • Disinhibiting effect, reduces caution and self-awareness.
  • Reduced glucose levels due to alcohol impacting self-control.
  • Alcohol expectancy effect: Increased aggression is expected and perceived.
  • Alcohol is linked to aggression.
  • Society and culture contribute to expectations that alcohol is linked to aggression.

Video Game Violence and Aggression

  • Research on the link between video games and aggression yielded mixed and inconclusive results.
  • Some studies show a correlation but often fail to consider alternative factors or methodology.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Week 10 Exam Notes on Aggression and Violence PDF

Description

This quiz explores the definitions and features of aggression and violence, including the Frustration Aggression Theory. Understand how aggressive behaviors are characterized and the limitations of different theories surrounding aggression.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser