Fruitful Hypothesis Quiz and Flashcards for Psychology Studies

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Questions and Answers

What is an important goal of report writing?

To disregard prior research

To integrate findings into existing facts (correct)

To conduct experiments without reviewing literature

To duplicate someone else's work

How can a good literature review help researchers?

By ensuring they duplicate previous work

By helping them avoid duplicating someone else's work (correct)

By encouraging them to ignore prior research

By providing no benefit to the research process

What is intuition closest to, according to the text?

Classical conditioning

Empirical testing

Phenomenology (correct)

Hypothesis formulation

When is intuition likely to be most helpful, according to Herbert Simon?

When it comes from experts Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between intuition and expertise, according to the text?

The more expertise one has, the better their intuitive hypotheses are likely to be Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intuition in the research process, according to the text?

It provides a tentative explanation that needs to be empirically tested Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of a fruitful hypothesis?

It leads to new and important studies. Signup and view all the answers

Which process is illustrated by Watson and Rayner's 1920 study on classical conditioning?

Theory building based on prior research. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of inductive reasoning in research?

To construct general explanatory theories. Signup and view all the answers

Which researcher is known for advocating inductive research in psychology?

B.F. Skinner Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between induction and theory building?

Induction is used to construct theories from empirical data. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the deductive model in research?

Drawing specific predictions from general principles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of having a well-developed theory with clearly stated premises?

It allows for the deduction of predictions about new situations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between induction and deduction in research, as described in the text?

Induction is used to formulate hypotheses, while deduction is used to test them. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of serendipity in generating new hypotheses, according to the text?

Serendipity is useful for generating hypotheses when researchers are open to new possibilities. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the importance of intuition in research?

Intuition can provide insights and ideas, but it is not explicitly discussed. Signup and view all the answers

Why is a thorough search of prior research literature important?

It helps in generating new hypotheses and designing effective experiments. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information in the text, what can be inferred about the role of prior research in the scientific process?

Prior research is an excellent source of hypotheses and insights. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Report Writing and Literature Review

A good literature review helps avoid duplicating someone else's work and integrates findings into existing facts.
Unplanned contributions, like Ivan Pavlov's discovery of classical conditioning, can be valuable.

Intuition in Research

Intuition is knowing without reasoning, and is closest to phenomenology, where knowledge is acquired through personal experience.
According to Herbert Simon (1967), intuition is most accurate when it comes from experts, resulting from unconscious expertise in an area.

Hypothesis Development

A statement that leads to new studies is a fruitful hypothesis, such as Watson and Rayner's 1920 study of classical conditioning.
A hypothesis is tentative until subjected to empirical tests.

Reasoning and Research

Induction involves reasoning from specific cases to general principles, while deduction involves reasoning from general principles to make predictions about specific instances.
Both induction and deduction are important in research and hypothesis formulation.
BF Skinner was a convincing advocate for inductive research in psychology.

Serendipity and Hypothesis Generation

Serendipity, or finding things not being sought, can be useful in generating new hypotheses when one is open to new possibilities.
A good scientist takes notes of all potentially relevant observations and analyzes and evaluates them.

Prior Research and Hypothesis Development

Prior experimental research is an excellent source of hypotheses, providing insight and ideas.
A thorough search of the literature on a topic is essential to designing a good experiment and writing an effective report.

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Description

Learn about fruitful hypotheses in psychological studies and how they lead to new research. Explore an example from Watson and Rayner's 1920 study of classical conditioning.