Appetite Chapter 5

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Which of the following is a reason why people worry about their food preferences and aversions?

To follow a Mediterranean diet

To maintain a balanced diet

To decrease heart attacks and strokes

To influence the incidence of diseases (correct)

What does the previous chapter explain about food and drink preferences in animals?

Animals can tell foods and drinks apart (correct)

Animals prefer foods and drinks that are equally and easily available

Animals cannot tell foods and drinks apart

Animals dislike foods and drinks that are equally and easily available

What is the main concern for parents regarding their children's food preferences?

What their children like to eat

What their children refuse to eat

What their children like and refuse to eat (correct)

What their children eat at pickyeatingadults.com

Which nutrient is found in milk that is important for our health?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is the average percentage of daily calories consumed by Americans in the form of added sugar?

15% Signup and view all the answers

What do the reactions of newborn babies to a sweet taste suggest about the preference for sweet?

It is primarily due to genes Signup and view all the answers

What facial expression do newborn babies show when they taste something sweet?

Satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is supported by the research discussed in the text?

Rats learn to prefer the foods that other rats prefer Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point the text is making about the influence of experience on preferences for sweet foods and drinks?

The influence of experience on preferences for sweet foods and drinks is unknown Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a manipulation of experience mentioned in the text?

Giving children candy as a reward for good behavior Signup and view all the answers

What nutrients have inadequate daily intakes when consuming cola instead of milk?

Calcium and vitamin B12 Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate weight gain in 1 year if a person consumes cola instead of milk, considering that cola provides 40 calories more than milk?

4 pounds Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, why would consuming two cans of cola leave very few calories to be consumed as nutritious foods for children?

Children usually consume much less than 2,000 calories per day Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the preference for sweet as people age and become sexually mature?

The preference for sweet increases Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether someone is male or female?

Both genes and experiences Signup and view all the answers

What determines someone's ability to sing a particular song?

Genes Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what can be inferred about the preference for sweet foods?

It is primarily determined by genes Signup and view all the answers

Why do many species, including humans, prefer sweet foods?

Sweet foods provide essential calories for the body Signup and view all the answers

What was the rats' total consumption of sugar during the period of simultaneous access to all three types of food?

Unrelated to their previous exposure to sweet Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what can be concluded about the influence of early exposure to sweet on later preference for sweet in rats?

Early exposure to sweet does not influence later preference for sweet Signup and view all the answers

What has been found about the preference for sweet among younger and older people and rats?

Older people and rats have a greater preference for sweet Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible explanation for the greater preference for sweet among younger animals?

Younger animals have larger caloric requirements Signup and view all the answers

People who are fructose intolerant

should consume small amounts of fructose and sucrose Signup and view all the answers

Breeding rats with different levels of preference for sweet

only proves that genes play a role in the sweet preferences of some rats Signup and view all the answers

Twin studies on the preference for sweet have shown that

genes have little to do with the preference for sweet tastes Signup and view all the answers

The preference for sweet tastes is influenced by

the genetic makeup of an individual Signup and view all the answers

Which factor might contribute to an increase in sugar consumption in a developing economy?

An increase in the affordability of high-sugar foods and drinks Signup and view all the answers

What do some scientists believe is the greatest influence of experience on the preference for sweet?

The particular foods that we prefer to be sweetened Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of a cultural difference in the preference for sweet foods?

In the United States, chocolate is usually sweetened, but in traditional Mexican cuisine it is not Signup and view all the answers

What did the boy do with the bacon pieces?

He chewed them and spit them out Signup and view all the answers

What did the boy do after tasting a few grains of salt?

He asked for more and ate it Signup and view all the answers

What did the doctor advise when the mother asked about the boy's salt consumption?

To let him have the salt, it won't hurt him Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the boy's preference for salt after he tasted it for the first time?

He developed a strong preference for it Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of salt deprivation in animals?

Release of angiotensin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why porcupines seek out sources of salt in human habitation areas?

To maintain a healthy balance of potassium and sodium Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers Contreras and Frank find in their experiment with salt-deprived rats?

The rats' responses to high concentrations of salt decreased Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the influence of physiological state on the preference for salt in people?

Physiological state can increase the preference for salt in people Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major factor contributing to excessive salt consumption among U.S. adults?

High availability and low cost of salty foods Signup and view all the answers

What is the average daily sodium intake among U.S. adults?

3,450 mg or more Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the relationship between social interaction and salt preference in rats?

Salt-deficient rats eat less salt-enriched diets after social interaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between low-salt diet and salt preference in adult humans?

Low-salt diet decreases salt preference in adult humans Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the author's decision to restrict their son's access to high-sugar foods and drinks at home?

To ensure their son's health was not compromised Signup and view all the answers

What is the author's experience with restricting their son's access to sweets?

It was challenging as their son started noticing and asking questions about the sweets the author was eating Signup and view all the answers

Why do people, including animals, have a preference for salt?

It is an innate preference resulting from natural selection Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the preference for salt when people are deprived of it?

The preference for salt increases Signup and view all the answers

Which group of people tends to consume a lot of milk and milk products, such as cheese?

Northern Europeans Signup and view all the answers

Which group of people tends to consume neither milk nor its products?

Chinese Signup and view all the answers

What is lactose intolerance?

The inability to digest the sugar present in milk Signup and view all the answers

Which researcher pioneered the study of sensation seeking?

Marvin Zuckerman Signup and view all the answers

What is sensation seeking?

The tendency to seek out new or unusual experiences Signup and view all the answers

What food preferences are associated with high sensation seeking?

Spicy foods and alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What does the research on sensation seeking and food preferences suggest about genetic influence?

There may be a genetic component to sensation seeking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a genetic taste response system identified in both humans and rats?

Preference for bitter Signup and view all the answers

What does the facial expression of newborn babies when tasting bitter resemble?

A grimace Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the acceptance and rejection taste response systems in newborn babies and animals?

To prevent the intake of poisonous substances Signup and view all the answers

What did the twin studies on sour preference suggest about the influence of genetics on taste preferences?

Identical twins have similar preferences for sour tastes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why people have the ability to continue drinking milk into adulthood without jeopardizing the nutrition of their younger siblings?

Their bodies adapt by continuing to produce lactase beyond early childhood Signup and view all the answers

What is the main explanation for lactose tolerance in adult humans?

It is genetically determined Signup and view all the answers

Why did people, and not other species, evolve the ability to manufacture lactase as adults?

People first domesticated cattle and consuming their milk became important for survival Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential role of sunlight and vitamin D in the evolution of lactose tolerance in humans?

Sunlight on the skin results in the synthesis of vitamin D, which assists in the absorption of calcium Signup and view all the answers