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Questions and Answers
What are the three subsystems involved in the conflict in Freud's theory?
ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
Which stage of psychosexual development involves the Oedipus complex?
What principle does the ID operate on?
Freud conducted extensive studies on children to support his theories.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the defense mechanisms outlined by Freud?
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The superego acts as a _______ policeman.
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What conflict arises from the relationship between the ID and society according to Freud?
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What psychological issue may arise if a child has difficulties during the anal stage?
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Study Notes
Core Concepts in Psychoanalysis
- Freud highlighted the importance of the unconscious mind in influencing behavior and personality development.
- Personality dynamics consist of three subsystems: ID (pleasure-seeking), EGO (reality-focused), and SUPEREGO (moral standards).
- Internalized societal and parental standards create conflicts between primal instincts and societal expectations.
Defense Mechanisms
- Displacement: Redirecting impulses to safer outlets.
- Reaction Formation: Replacing an undesirable wish with its opposite.
- Projection: Attributing one's own urges to others.
- Isolation: Keeping memories alive without emotional engagement.
Psychosexual Stages of Development
- Development unfolds through five stages, each associated with specific pleasure zones:
- Oral Stage (0-2 years): Focus on oral activities; fixation can lead to habits like smoking.
- Anal Stage (2-4 years): Focus on control and elimination; issues can cause anal retentiveness or obstinacy.
- Phallic Stage (4-6 years): Oedipus and Electra complexes emerge, involving complex emotions towards parents.
- Latency Stage (6-12 years): Sexual feelings are repressed to concentrate on social relationships.
- Genital Stage (12+ years): Mature sexual relationships develop.
Oedipus and Electra Complexes
- Oedipus Complex: Boys desire mothers, fear castration from fathers, resolve by identifying with fathers.
- Electra Complex: Girls realize they lack a penis, feel castrated, desire a father and ultimately identify with mothers.
Impact of Childhood Experiences
- Childhood experiences profoundly shape unconscious conflicts and later personality traits.
- Difficulties encountered in any psychosexual stage can lead to fixations and behavioral problems in adulthood.
Criticisms of Freud's Theories
- Lack of direct observational studies on children, making empirical validation challenging.
- Many ideas deemed unfalsifiable, complicating scientific assessment.
- Limited experimental support; alternative explanations (like observational learning) have gained credibility over Freud’s theories.
Experimental Evidence Against Freud
- Studies, such as Bandura's Bobo doll experiment, indicate aggression is learned through imitation, not repression-based redirection of impulses.
- Flawed methodologies in Freud's experiments undermine the reliability of his claims on aggression and personality formation.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from Freud's Psychoanalysis, including core ideas, defense mechanisms, and the psychosexual stages of development. Gain insights into Freud's significant impact on social behavior and the understanding of the unconscious mind. Ideal for students of psychology seeking to deepen their knowledge of psychoanalytic theory.
