Psychoanalysis and Freud's Influence
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Questions and Answers

What significant change contributed to the decline of psychoanalysis in the 1960s?

  • The discovery of effective medication for mental health issues (correct)
  • An increase in Freudian studies
  • A growing interest in humanistic psychology
  • The rise of cognitive behavioral therapy
  • According to Freud, what does the term 'Eros' represent?

  • Life instincts and sexual drive (correct)
  • Rational decision-making
  • Death instinct
  • Unconscious desires
  • What does the 'Id' represent in Freudian psychology?

  • The primitive part driven by pleasure (correct)
  • Mediates between desires and reality
  • The rational aspect of personality
  • The conscious understanding of self
  • How does Freud define the 'Unconscious' aspect of the mind?

    <p>A place for repressed thoughts and inner conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the criticisms of psychoanalysis in the context of social changes?

    <p>It was often perceived as sexist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the 'Ego' in Freudian theory?

    <p>To mediate between the 'Id' and reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Thanatos' refer to in Freud's model of the psyche?

    <p>Destructive energies and aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which edition of the DSM significantly moved away from Freudian concepts?

    <p>3rd Edition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of unconventional treatments were used in the 19th century to reflect the experimental nature of early psychiatry?

    <p>Hypnosis and electrotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major historical figures influenced the migration of psychoanalysis from Europe to the US?

    <p>Hitler and Stalin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way did psychoanalysis change the treatment of mental illness by the mid-20th century?

    <p>It shifted treatment from asylums to private offices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of psychiatrists worked in hospitals by 1956 compared to 1940?

    <p>17% in 1956 and 66% in 1940</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Freud's belief regarding the influence of childhood events?

    <p>They strongly shape adult personality and issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the impact of psychoanalytic theory in the post-war era?

    <p>It guided the treatment of hospital patients and influenced medical curricula.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Freud's early life experiences affect his career aspirations?

    <p>They motivated him to pursue a medical degree.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods was NOT commonly used during the 19th century for treating mental health issues?

    <p>Cognitive behavioral therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalysis

    • Freud, an Austrian neurologist, revolutionized understanding of the human mind through psychoanalysis.
    • Psychoanalysis, a groundbreaking approach, emerged in the late 19th century, a time when unconventional treatments like hypnosis and electrotherapy were common.

    Freud's Early Life and Career

    • Freud was born and raised in Austria into a lower-class Jewish family.
    • He studied medicine and established a private practice in psychiatry.

    The Rise and Influence of Psychoanalysis

    • During the 20th century, psychoanalysis gained prominence, particularly after the immigration of Freudian analysts to the US during World War II.
    • Freudians assumed leadership roles in American psychiatry, shaping medical school curricula and the first editions of the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders).

    The Decline of Psychoanalysis

    • Psychoanalysis reached its peak in the late 1950s but began to decline in the 1960s.
    • Factors contributing to this decline included criticisms of sexism, evidence of low cure rates, and the emergence of effective medication for mental health conditions.

    Freud's Theory of Human Nature

    • Freud believed that personality is largely determined by childhood experiences and that human behavior is driven by innate drives.

    The Core Drives: Eros and Thanatos

    • Eros (Libido) represents the life instincts, including sexual drive, creativity, and growth.
    • Thanatos (Death Instinct) represents the destructive energies and aggressive drive.
    • Freud believed that these two drives are fundamental to human behavior.

    The Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious

    • Conscious: Refers to our awareness of rational reality.
    • Preconscious: Includes semi-aware habits and repetitive patterns.
    • Unconscious: Holds repressed thoughts, desires, and inner conflicts, often revealed through dreams, slips of the tongue, and symbolic expressions in mental illness.

    The Psychic Entities: Id, Ego, and Superego

    • Id: The primitive and impulsive part of the personality, ruled by the pleasure principle (immediate gratification)
    • Ego: The executive part of the personality that mediates between the id and the real world, operating on the reality principle (rational decision-making)
    • Superego: The internalized moral compass, acting as the conscience and representing societal norms and values.

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    Description

    Explore the life and impact of Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis. This quiz delves into his early career, the rise of psychoanalysis, and its subsequent decline throughout the 20th century. Test your knowledge on one of the most significant figures in psychology.

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