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Questions and Answers
What significant change contributed to the decline of psychoanalysis in the 1960s?
According to Freud, what does the term 'Eros' represent?
What does the 'Id' represent in Freudian psychology?
How does Freud define the 'Unconscious' aspect of the mind?
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What was one of the criticisms of psychoanalysis in the context of social changes?
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What is the primary function of the 'Ego' in Freudian theory?
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What does the term 'Thanatos' refer to in Freud's model of the psyche?
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Which edition of the DSM significantly moved away from Freudian concepts?
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What type of unconventional treatments were used in the 19th century to reflect the experimental nature of early psychiatry?
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Which major historical figures influenced the migration of psychoanalysis from Europe to the US?
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In what way did psychoanalysis change the treatment of mental illness by the mid-20th century?
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What percentage of psychiatrists worked in hospitals by 1956 compared to 1940?
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What was Freud's belief regarding the influence of childhood events?
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Which of the following statements best describes the impact of psychoanalytic theory in the post-war era?
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How did Freud's early life experiences affect his career aspirations?
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Which of the following methods was NOT commonly used during the 19th century for treating mental health issues?
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Study Notes
Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalysis
- Freud, an Austrian neurologist, revolutionized understanding of the human mind through psychoanalysis.
- Psychoanalysis, a groundbreaking approach, emerged in the late 19th century, a time when unconventional treatments like hypnosis and electrotherapy were common.
Freud's Early Life and Career
- Freud was born and raised in Austria into a lower-class Jewish family.
- He studied medicine and established a private practice in psychiatry.
The Rise and Influence of Psychoanalysis
- During the 20th century, psychoanalysis gained prominence, particularly after the immigration of Freudian analysts to the US during World War II.
- Freudians assumed leadership roles in American psychiatry, shaping medical school curricula and the first editions of the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders).
The Decline of Psychoanalysis
- Psychoanalysis reached its peak in the late 1950s but began to decline in the 1960s.
- Factors contributing to this decline included criticisms of sexism, evidence of low cure rates, and the emergence of effective medication for mental health conditions.
Freud's Theory of Human Nature
- Freud believed that personality is largely determined by childhood experiences and that human behavior is driven by innate drives.
The Core Drives: Eros and Thanatos
- Eros (Libido) represents the life instincts, including sexual drive, creativity, and growth.
- Thanatos (Death Instinct) represents the destructive energies and aggressive drive.
- Freud believed that these two drives are fundamental to human behavior.
The Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious
- Conscious: Refers to our awareness of rational reality.
- Preconscious: Includes semi-aware habits and repetitive patterns.
- Unconscious: Holds repressed thoughts, desires, and inner conflicts, often revealed through dreams, slips of the tongue, and symbolic expressions in mental illness.
The Psychic Entities: Id, Ego, and Superego
- Id: The primitive and impulsive part of the personality, ruled by the pleasure principle (immediate gratification)
- Ego: The executive part of the personality that mediates between the id and the real world, operating on the reality principle (rational decision-making)
- Superego: The internalized moral compass, acting as the conscience and representing societal norms and values.
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Description
Explore the life and impact of Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis. This quiz delves into his early career, the rise of psychoanalysis, and its subsequent decline throughout the 20th century. Test your knowledge on one of the most significant figures in psychology.
