Psychology Chapter on Freud's Theory
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Questions and Answers

What method did Freud use to access the unconscious mind?

  • Medication
  • Cognitive restructuring
  • Behavioral therapy
  • Dream analysis and hypnosis (correct)

Which principle does the Id follow?

  • Reality principle
  • Pleasure principle (correct)
  • Superego principle
  • Social principle

What role does the Ego serve in Freud's model of the mind?

  • It enforces moral standards.
  • It stores repressed memories.
  • It expresses basic drives without regard for rules.
  • It mediates between desires and reality. (correct)

What characterizes the Superego in Freud's theory?

<p>It represents societal and moral standards. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Ego function in terms of consciousness?

<p>It is mostly unconscious but censors Id impulses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the superego in an individual's personality?

<p>To provide a moral sense and act as a conscience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do defense mechanisms function within the ego according to psychological principles?

<p>They operate unconsciously to avoid anxiety-inducing thoughts or feelings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the development of the superego is accurate?

<p>It develops throughout early childhood and reflects parental and societal values. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the superego and moral standards?

<p>The superego internalizes and reflects societal and parental ethics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the ego play in the context of defense mechanisms?

<p>It employs unconscious strategies to manage anxiety. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of achievement tests?

<p>To evaluate how much a student has learned. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following refers to the consistency of a test over time?

<p>Reliability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do personality tests attempt to identify?

<p>Psychological traits that make up a person's personality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of validity scales in psychological testing?

<p>To determine if the test taker is responding truthfully. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of test relies on individuals' feelings and experiences for answers?

<p>Self-Reports (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Watson and Skinner believe primarily influences personality formation?

<p>External influences and consequences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Bandura's social learning theory, how are behaviors primarily learned?

<p>By observing and modeling the behaviors of others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant concept do humanists center their beliefs around?

<p>The importance of self-awareness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Abraham Maslow believe about individuals reaching their full potential?

<p>Only a small percentage reaches their full potential (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major aspect of the socialization process?

<p>Learning socially desirable behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of achievement tests?

<p>To measure skills and knowledge in specific academic areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes norms in testing?

<p>They are averages established by a large group of test-takers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an aptitude test?

<p>Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with achievement tests?

<p>Age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is most likely to take an achievement test?

<p>A graduate school applicant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional factors besides aptitude play a significant role in achieving success in school?

<p>Positive attitude and valuing education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the CISS test primarily compare?

<p>Test-takers' interests with those of successful people in various jobs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the format used by vocational interest inventories like the CISS?

<p>Forced-choice format requiring a selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which group of students are interest inventories particularly useful?

<p>Students who have no specific career goals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a person’s job performance relate to their interests, according to the vocational interest inventories?

<p>Interest alignment increases chances of success (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary feature of objective tests?

<p>They use a standardized group of test items. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is known for identifying psychological problems through True/False questions?

<p>MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the CPI primarily differ from the MMPI?

<p>The CPI assesses normal personality traits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes projective tests in comparison to objective tests?

<p>Projective tests are open-ended and interpretive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the MMPI is true?

<p>It places scores on a scale to help identify problems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors are standardized in the Rorschach Inkblot Test?

<p>Location, determinants, content, and form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do test-takers respond in the Thematic Apperception Test?

<p>By creating a story based on an illustration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the responses in the Rorschach Inkblot Test potentially reveal?

<p>Emotional responses and personality traits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of the Thematic Apperception Test?

<p>To uncover underlying needs or values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Rorschach Inkblot Test is true?

<p>Responses may vary widely due to subjective interpretation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Psychoanalysis

A therapy that encourages talking about thoughts and feelings to access unconscious mind.

The Id

Part of the mind that seeks instant gratification of basic needs.

The Ego

Part of the mind mediating the Id's desires and the real world.

Unconscious Mind

Part of the mind containing thoughts, feelings, and memories not readily accessible.

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Pleasure Principle

The motivating force behind the Id, seeking immediate satisfaction.

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Superego function

The superego is the part of the psyche that incorporates societal and parental morals, forming our conscience.

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Defense mechanisms

Unconscious methods the ego employs to reduce anxiety by avoiding uncomfortable thoughts or feelings.

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Ego's role

The ego utilizes defense mechanisms to manage anxiety-provoking emotions and ideas.

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Moral principle

The rules and standards learned from parents and society guide the superego.

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Developmental stage of superego?

The superego develops throughout early childhood.

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Behaviorism's view on personality

Personality is shaped by external factors like rewards and punishments, not internal choices.

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Socialization

Learning acceptable social behaviors through observation and experience.

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Social Learning Theory focus

Behavior learned through observation and modeling of others, not just direct experience.

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Humanistic Perspective on Humans

Humans are driven to self-actualize (reach their full potential)

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Humanistic view on Self-Awareness

Self-awareness and growth are key to understanding personality.

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Achievement Tests

Measure how much a student has learned.

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Reliability (of a test)

How consistent a test is in its measurements.

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Validity (of a test)

Accuracy of what a test measures, and future prediction.

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Personality Tests

Identify traits making up a person's personality.

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Standardized Test

Administered and scored the same every time.

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Norms

Established standards of performance showing average results.

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Norm Groups

Large groups of test-takers similar to those the test is for.

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Achievement Tests

Tests measuring student skills/knowledge in specific subjects.

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Aptitude Tests

Tests predicting success in a field (work/study).

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SAT

Aptitude test predicting college success.

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LSAT Percentile Scores

Scores on the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) are reported as percentile equivalents, comparing a test-taker's performance to others.

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Vocational Interest Inventories

These tests match your interests with the interests of successful professionals in various job fields to suggest potential career paths.

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Forced-Choice Format

In vocational interest inventories, you must choose one answer from multiple options, not expressing uncertainty.

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Career Guidance Value

Interest inventories offer guidance for students with uncertain career goals, only one piece of the puzzle.

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Success Factors (Beyond Aptitude)

Positive attitude and valuing education influence academic achievement as much as innate ability on standardized tests.

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Objective Tests

Psychological tests with standardized questions (often questionnaires) to assess personality, habits, preferences, moods, and problems.

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MMPI

A widely used objective test (questionnaire) to identify psychological problems, tendencies, and evaluate scores on a scale.

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Projective Tests

Tests where participants describe what stimuli represent to them; responses are open-ended, there are no right or wrong answers.

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CPI

An objective test designed to assess normal personality traits, more reliable than MMPI and better at measuring success, leadership, and reactions to stress.

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Standardized test items

A specific set of test questions or tasks that are precisely defined and applied in the same way to all participants in a test.

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Rorschach Test

A psychological test where individuals describe what they see in inkblots.

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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A test using pictures to prompt stories, revealing needs and values.

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Rorschach factors

Four key aspects influencing responses to inkblots: location, determinants, content, and form.

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Inkblots

Abstract shapes used in a psychological test to understand a person's perception and thinking.

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Patient story in TAT

A patient creates a story about a picture presented in the TAT. This story can reveal their needs and values.

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