Freshwater Fish Species
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of classical taxonomy?

  • Species are believed to be dynamic and evolving.
  • Traits indicating primitiveness and advancement are found out.
  • It is based on the study of mainly morphological traits of one or a few specimens. (correct)
  • It takes into consideration all types of characters including those from classification morphology, anatomy, cytology, physiology, biochemistry, ecology, genetics, development (embryology), behaviour, etc.

    • What is the term used to describe the systematic study that takes into consideration all types of characters including those from classification morphology, anatomy, cytology, physiology, biochemistry, ecology, genetics, development (embryology), behaviour, etc. of the whole population instead of a few typological specimens?

  • Biological delimitation
  • Typological concept
  • Classical taxonomy
  • New systematics (correct)

    • What is the basis for delimitation of species in new systematics?

  • All types of biological traits (correct)
  • Morphological characters
  • Variety of traits
  • Primitiveness and advancement

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of new systematics?

    <p>Inter-relationships are brought out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of systematics and taxonomy in fish biodiversity and fishery assessment and management?

    <p>To develop conservation plans and long-term management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the father of Taxonomy?

    <p>Linnaeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the study of all types of variations in a species in new systematics?

    <p>Variety of traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of classical taxonomy?

    <p>Species are delimited on the basis of morphological characters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the delimitation of species on the basis of all types of biological traits in new systematics?

    <p>Biological delimitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the term 'new systematics'?

    <p>Julian Huxley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sensory system do fishes utilize to gather information about their environment and communicate with conspecifics?

    <p>Olfactory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the study of fish diversity and fishery assessment and management?

    <p>Fishery science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the sensory system in fishes?

    <p>To gather information about their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the olfactory system in fishes?

    <p>To detect and identify food sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of systematics and taxonomy in fish biodiversity and fishery assessment and management?

    <p>To classify and name fish species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the systematic study that takes into consideration all types of characters including those from classification morphology, anatomy, cytology, physiology, biochemistry, ecology, genetics, development (embryology), behavior, etc. of the whole population instead of a few typological specimens?

    <p>New systematics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for delimitation of species in new systematics?

    <p>Genetic traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish has scales that are made from dentin and enamel, similar to the material teeth are made of?

    <p>Placoidscales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish has flat scales that do not overlap much on the body?

    <p>Ganoidscales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish has modified ganoidscales called scutes?

    <p>Ganoidscales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fins of a fish are used for stability and prevent rolling?

    <p>Dorsal fins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fins of a fish help in stopping quickly and aid in stabilizing?

    <p>Pelvic fins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fins of a fish protect the urogenital area and aid in stabilizing?

    <p>Anal fins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fins of a fish are used for propulsion?

    <p>Caudal fin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of fish has an endoskeleton made up of bones?

    <p>Osteichthyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of fish has an endoskeleton made up of cartilage?

    <p>Chondrichthyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish has an air bladder for buoyancy?

    <p>Bony fish (Osteichthyes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct definition of a fish?

    <p>Any animal that lives entirely in the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a valid definition of a fish?

    <p>An aquatic animal with scales and gills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fish scales?

    <p>To provide external protection for the fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of fish scales?

    <p>They can be very small in some fish species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hydrodynamic purpose of fish scales?

    <p>To reduce friction with the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of scales are found in sharks and rays?

    <p>Placoid scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main respiratory organ in fish?

    <p>Gills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an aquatic vertebrate with gills and limbs in the shape of fins?

    <p>Fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of fish migration based on the need for feeding ground?

    <p>Alimentary or Feeding migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason for vertical fish migration?

    <p>Predator avoidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which eel species is found in the Northwestern Pacific?

    <p>Giant Mottled Eel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of collecting glass eel samples in the study?

    <p>To understand the early life history of eels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of otoliths in fish?

    <p>Environmental recording</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is of special interest in otolith microchemistry?

    <p>Strontium (Sr)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of eel has a higher Sr concentration in seawater compared to freshwater?

    <p>Anguillid glass eel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the spawning ground of the giant mottled eel?

    <p>West Mariana Ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which river has the shortest migration cycle for the giant mottled eel?

    <p>Ya-lu River</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which river has the longest migration cycle for the giant mottled eel?

    <p>Cagayan River</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which eel species has a shorter age at recruitment in Ming-chiang River?

    <p>Anguilla japonica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor may play an important role in the geographical distribution of A. japonica and A. marmorata in the northwestern Pacific?

    <p>Both larval growth rate and metamorphosis timing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was the Sr:Ca measurement in the otolith of adult A. marmorata conducted?

    <p>Aurora, Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evidence that elvers immediately migrate further inland upon reaching coastal waters?

    <p>Low Sr:Ca ratios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish migration involves regular, physiologically mediated movements between fresh waters and the sea?

    <p>Diadromous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the migration of fishes that live in the ocean but migrate to the river to spawn?

    <p>Anadromous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish migration involves fishes that live in the river but migrate to the ocean to spawn?

    <p>Catadromous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish migration involves fishes that migrate between the ocean and the river in some part of their life cycle but not to spawn?

    <p>Amphidromous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the etymology of the term 'diadromous'?

    <p>Greek; dia- (“across”) + -dromous (drómos, “running”, “race”)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the etymology of the term 'anadromous'?

    <p>Ancient Greek ἀνάδρομος (anádromos), from ἀνά (aná, “up”) + δρόμοs (drómos, “running”, “race”)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the CPUE (Catch Per Unit Effort) in kg/d for the year 2000?

    <p>138.92</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year had the highest fish harvest in '000 MT?

    <p>1999</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the effort (# of F/B) in the year 2001?

    <p>41</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the total catch of yellowfin tuna in '000 MT for the year 2002?

    <p>13,775.44</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the maximum economic yield (MEY) in the mid-80's?

    <p>60</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reduction of fishing effort level in the mid-80's?

    <p>8000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method for collecting fishery-dependent data?

    <p>Plankton surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do fishing log books and other documents submitted to BFAR contain?

    <p>Information on the catch of each species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do fish sampled from the catches provide information on?

    <p>Fish size, age, and maturity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do plankton surveys typically target?

    <p>Younger fish at early developmental stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the National Stock Assessment Program (NSAP)?

    <p>To conduct resource assessment studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the exploitation ratio measure?

    <p>The intensity of fishing exerted on a fisheries stock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended relationship between fishing mortality and natural mortality?

    <p>Fishing mortality should be lower than natural mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the definition of 'Fish and Fishery/Aquatic Products' under the Fisheries Code?

    <p>Marine mammals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second step in the process of Fish Stock Assessment?

    <p>Stock assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group provides science advice for fishery managers based on stock assessment analysis and other scientific activities or information?

    <p>Science Advisory Group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Science Advisory Group (SAG) provide advice on?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Total Allowable Catch' refer to?

    <p>Quota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of documents are informed by science advice in the development of fisheries management plans?

    <p>National Fisheries Management Plans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Fish Stock Assessment aim to understand?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about fish stocks?

    <p>Fish stocks can include multiple populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of stock assessments?

    <p>To evaluate the abundance and productivity of fish stocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do stock assessment models estimate?

    <p>The changes in a stock over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do computer simulations in stock assessments test?

    <p>The effects of different harvest options and environmental conditions on a stock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of data are used in stock assessments?

    <p>Both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fishery-dependent data in stock assessments?

    <p>To estimate the total weight of all fish in a stock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fishery-independent data in stock assessments?

    <p>To evaluate the abundance and productivity of fish stocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is generally regarded as the level needed for replacement of spawning potential ratio (SPR) for a stable population?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stock assessments can be used to estimate where stock abundance or biomass is in relation to what?

    <p>the three stock status zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of keeping track of how stock abundance or biomass changes over time?

    <p>To evaluate the success of conservation measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum value that stock abundance or biomass should generally not exceed?

    <p>0.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the proportion of the natural unfished spawning potential remaining at any given level of fishing pressure?

    <p>Spawning potential ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level needed for replacement of spawning potential ratio (SPR) for a stable population?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three stock status zones used to estimate where stock abundance or biomass is in relation to?

    <p>Critical, cautious, healthy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum value that stock abundance or biomass should generally not exceed?

    <p>0.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of keeping track of how stock abundance or biomass changes over time?

    <p>To evaluate the success of conservation measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is the lead in organizing and operationalizing the Fisheries Management Areas (FMAs) in the Philippines?

    <p>Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who will manage each Fisheries Management Area (FMA) in the Philippines?

    <p>Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Local Government Units (LGUs) in the Fisheries Management Areas (FMAs)?

    <p>To manage and implement regulations of fisheries in municipal waters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency has jurisdiction over municipal waters in the Philippines?

    <p>Local Government Units (LGUs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Fisheries Administrative Order No. 263, s. 2019?

    <p>To establish the 12 Fisheries Management Areas (FMAs) in the Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consideration in delineating the Fisheries Management Areas (FMAs) in the Philippines?

    <p>Stocks boundary/range/distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach does the Fisheries Management Areas (FMAs) in the Philippines apply to fisheries management?

    <p>Ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in the Fisheries Management Areas (FMAs)?

    <p>Jurisdiction over NIPAS Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) in the Fisheries Management Areas (FMAs)?

    <p>Part of the FMA Management Board to ensure coordination and cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of managing fisheries at the Fisheries Management Area (FMA) level?

    <p>To ensure sustainable fisheries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country has the longest coastline in the world?

    <p>Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the depth of the Philippine Trench, also known as the Philippine Deep?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of municipalities in the Philippines are coastal?

    <p>54%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Galathea Depth located?

    <p>Philippine Trench</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the Philippine population lives in the coastal zone?

    <p>62%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of animal protein intake in the Philippines?

    <p>Marine fisheries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the legal definition of the coastal zone in terms of distance from the shoreline?

    <p>1 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the jurisdiction of local government in the marine waters seaward of the low water mark?

    <p>Up to 15 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the jurisdiction of the national government in the marine waters from the shore up to 200 nautical miles?

    <p>Up to 200 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in Canada's coastline measurement?

    <p>Coasts of inland lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines coastal resource management (CRM)?

    <p>A process of planning, implementing, and monitoring sustainable uses of coastal resources through collective action and sound decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest average quantity of fish that can be harvested from a fish stocks/resource within a period of time on a sustainable basis under existing environmental conditions?

    <p>Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an important element of collaborative management or co-management?

    <p>Social, cultural, and economic objectives are not considered in the management framework.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does integrated coastal management (ICM) aim to achieve?

    <p>Sustainable use and management of economically and ecologically valuable resources in coastal areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a fishing aid that employs lights to attract fish and members of their food chain to specific areas in order to harvest them?

    <p>Fishing Light Attractor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are catch ceilings?

    <p>The annual catch limits allowed to be taken, gathered or harvested from any fishing area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of total allowable catch (TAC)?

    <p>To determine the maximum harvest allowed to be taken during a given period of time from any fishery area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between coastal resource management (CRM) and integrated coastal management (ICM)?

    <p>CRM emphasizes integration within government, non-government, and environmental realms, while ICM focuses on a specified coastal geographical area or zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does community-based coastal resource management (CBCRM) imply?

    <p>That individuals, groups, and organizations have a major role, responsibility, and share in the resource management and decision-making process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of coastal zone management (CZM)?

    <p>To achieve sustainable use and management of economically and ecologically valuable resources in coastal areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes coastal resource management (CRM)?

    <p>A process of planning, implementing, and monitoring sustainable uses of coastal resources through collective action and sound decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of maximum sustainable yield (MSY)?

    <p>The largest average quantity of fish that can be harvested from a fish stocks/resource within a period of time on a sustainable basis under existing environmental conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does total allowable catch (TAC) refer to?

    <p>The maximum harvest allowed to be taken during a given period of time from any fishery area, or from any fishery species or group of fishery species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of integrated coastal management (ICM)?

    <p>Activities that achieve sustainable use and management of economically and ecologically valuable resources in coastal areas that consider interaction among and within resource systems as well as interaction between humans and their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of collaborative management or co-management?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does community-based coastal resource management (CBCRM) imply?

    <p>Individuals, groups, and organizations have a major role, responsibility, and share in the resource management and decision-making process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of coastal zone management (CZM)?

    <p>Activities that achieve sustainable use and management of valuable resources and land uses in coastal areas as defined through CRM or ICM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of stock assessments?

    <p>The process of estimating the abundance or biomass of a fish stock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are catch ceilings?

    <p>The annual catch limits allowed to be taken, gathered or harvested from any fishing area in consideration of the need to prevent overfishing and harmful depletion of breeding stocks of aquatic organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of superlight?

    <p>A type of light using halogen or metal halide bulb which may be located above the sea surface or submerged in the water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of marine protected area (MPA) mentioned in the text?

    <p>Marine reserve and marine park</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a marine sanctuary and a marine reserve?

    <p>Marine sanctuaries have strict sanctuary conditions for the entire area, while marine reserves do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main emphasis of a marine park?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the basic criteria for selecting marine protected area sites mentioned in the text?

    <p>Relative naturalness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of selecting marine protected area sites based on representativeness?

    <p>To include areas with unique ecological functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of marine protected area sites selected based on vulnerability?

    <p>Rich resources/biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of selecting marine protected area sites based on fisheries value?

    <p>To enhance fisheries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of selecting marine protected area sites based on tourism value?

    <p>To enhance recreational uses and tourism revenues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term "social acceptance" refer to in the context of selecting marine protected area sites?

    <p>Acceptance by local communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of creating and managing marine protected areas?

    <p>To protect coastal and marine environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crew member takes on the role and responsibilities of the master fisherman or segundo when needed?

    <p>The tersero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lambateros are there in one purse seine operation?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the bodegero in the purse seine crew?

    <p>Sorting and storing the catch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crew member is responsible for pointing good locations for setting?

    <p>The lawagero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the boleros in the purse seine crew?

    <p>Participating in fishing operations only on some occasions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Komon system, how is the total net income in one fishing trip divided?

    <p>The operator gets 26.5 shares and the rest is divided among the crewmembers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Dyaryo system, how is a small fraction of a night's catch divided among the crewmembers?

    <p>The operator gets a variable fraction and the rest is divided among the crewmembers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of the pansan or lambateros in the purse seine crew?

    <p>Hauling the net and sorting the catch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cook in the purse seine crew?

    <p>Cooking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who becomes the highest-ranking member in some purse seine operations when there is no encargado?

    <p>The master fisherman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately what percentage of fishing vessels registered in the Philippines are motorized?

    <p>64%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gross tonnage range of non-motorized municipal fishing boats in the Philippines?

    <p>0.10-0.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in the Philippines has the largest number of municipal fishing vessels?

    <p>Region VI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fishing gear was the most common in the Philippines in 2002, based on the text?

    <p>Hook and line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sub-sectors of Philippine Fisheries operates within municipal waters using fishing vessels of three (3) gross tons or less, or fishing not requiring the use of fishing vessels?

    <p>Municipal marine fisheries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of fish species in the Philippine Fisheries, out of which 731 are commercially important?

    <p>3,212</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total production of fish, crustaceans, mollusks, etc. in the Philippines?

    <p>4.41 million MT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rank of the Philippines in terms of fish and aquatic products production globally?

    <p>8th</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country received the largest bulk of tuna products from the Philippines in terms of volume in 2021?

    <p>USA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the total value of seaweed exports from the Philippines in 2021?

    <p>PhP 207.18 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total export value in 2021 did shrimps and prawns contribute?

    <p>2.41%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total fish imports in 2021 were fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and other prepared or preserved forms?

    <p>73.29%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country ranked 11th in terms of aquaculture production in 2021?

    <p>Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region had the highest production in commercial capture fisheries in the Philippines?

    <p>Region IX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average annual growth rate of aquaculture production volume in the Philippines?

    <p>-1.43%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total fish exports were fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and other prepared or preserved forms?

    <p>79%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region was the top producer of municipal fisheries in 2021 in terms of volume and value of production?

    <p>Region XII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the marine municipal fisheries production in 2021 came from inland fisheries?

    <p>18.16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the top two species in terms of share in the volume of production in the Marine Municipal Fisheries sub-sector in 2021?

    <p>Tuna and sardines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the top two species in terms of production in the Inland Municipal Fisheries sub-sector in 2021?

    <p>Tilapia and snail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998, what is the definition of municipal fisheries?

    <p>Fishing activities that involve the use of vessels with 3 gross tons (GT) or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are municipal waters in the Philippines?

    <p>Marine waters included between two lines drawn perpendicular to the general coastline and a third line parallel with the general coastline including offshore inlands and fifteen kilometers from such coastline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who has jurisdiction over municipal waters in the Philippines?

    <p>The municipal/city government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the local government in the management of municipal waters?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crew member is responsible for sorting and storing the catch?

    <p>Bodegero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lambateros are there in one purse seine operation?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who becomes the highest-ranking member in a purse seine operation if there is no encargado?

    <p>Master fisherman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of the lawagero in a purse seine operation?

    <p>Pointing good locations for setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the total net income divided in the komon system?

    <p>Operator gets 26.5 shares, rest divided among crewmembers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the komon system and the dyaryo system in terms of income distribution?

    <p>Fixed income distribution vs. variable income distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartons lined with a plastic film are suggested for short-term storage of seafood products?

    <p>Duplex cartons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is generally used for manufacturing containers for fish products globally?

    <p>Steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For thermal processed fish products, what properties should the packaging material have?

    <p>Hermetic sealability and toughness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of packaging material is recommended for bulk packaging of dried fish due to its strength against punctures?

    <p>Polyethylene woven gusseted bags</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For consumer packs of dry fish, what materials are commonly used?

    <p>Polypropylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary packaging material used for butterfly shrimps after they are placed on the EPS tray and frozen?

    <p>High barrier plastic film</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specification is mentioned for polyethylene primary packaging according to FSSAI requirements?

    <p>Water vapour transmission rate 18 gm/sqm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of board is frequently used for packaging frozen foods and is usually made from fully bleached materials?

    <p>Kraft boards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of board has one fully bleached side suitable for direct contact with food and is used for packaging frozen foods?

    <p>Folding box boards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common material used for insulating packages for temperature maintenance during air freight shipments?

    <p>Dry ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for freeze-dried products to be generally packed under an inert gas?

    <p>To prevent oxidation and color deterioration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of packaging material is NOT recommended for freeze-dried products?

    <p>Glass bottles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of packaging material is commonly used for fish pickles due to its properties like inertness and durability?

    <p>Plain polyester laminated with LDPE-HDPE co-extruded film</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are glass bottles conventionally used as containers for fish pickles?

    <p>They offer non-permeability to gases and moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common disadvantage of using metal cans for freeze-dried products?

    <p>They have limited mechanical strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the material used for plastic boxes in air freight packaging of fish?

    <p>Low density polyethylene (LDPE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is NOT commonly used for insulated containers in air freight packaging of fish?

    <p>Polystyrene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of bulk packaging for fresh fish during local transport, what type of container is generally used by cycle hawkers?

    <p>U shaped box made of HDPE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regions commonly uses wooden boxes for bulk packaging of fresh fish for rail and road transport?

    <p>Western India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using plastic boxes over wooden and woven bamboo baskets in air freight packaging of fish?

    <p>Lower cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal pH level range for Tilapia mentioned in the assessment?

    <p>6.5 - 9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the high range pH level considered as Alkaline in the assessment?

    <p>Because it is above 7.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of collecting a water sample from a freshwater tank?

    <p>To evaluate the health of the aquatic environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Secchi disk measure in an aquatic environment?

    <p>Water transparency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument is commonly used to measure dissolved oxygen levels in water?

    <p>DO meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended ammonia concentration for Tilapia in freshwater?

    <p>0.5 ppm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what pH level do Tilapia in the aquatic environment start to face toxicity?

    <p>9.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nitrite level is considered toxic to fish according to the text?

    <p>2.0 mg/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceptable nitrate level recommended for freshwater in terms of concentration (ppm)?

    <p>40 ppm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What water quality parameter should be kept below 0.02 mg/L to avoid toxicity in fish?

    <p>Nitrite concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main objectives of the activity described?

    <p>Assess turbidity using secchi disk and DO meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is NOT involved in measuring turbidity using a secchi disk?

    <p>Raising the disc until visible and recording reappearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What procedure involves setting up the DO meter to read Dissolved Oxygen?

    <p>Step 1 of measuring turbidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key aspect assessed in water quality parameter assessment?

    <p>Temperature and dissolved oxygen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to measure turbidity and dissolved oxygen when evaluating aquatic environment health?

    <p>To assess water clarity and oxygen levels for aquatic life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal water temperature range for aquatic organism growth according to BFAR (2013)?

    <p>26-30°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum acceptable dissolved oxygen level for pond life according to the provided information?

    <p>6 mg/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the turbidity range that is considered acceptable for intensive culture systems?

    <p>15-40 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best measurement tool for dissolved oxygen in aquatic environments?

    <p>Dissolved oxygen meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the given information, which of the following pond's dissolved oxygen level is considered acceptable?

    <p>6.66 mg/l</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fish Systematics and Taxonomy: An Overview

    • The field of fish systematics is concerned with the study and understanding of the diversification of fishes, both past and present, and the classification of and evolutionary relationships among them.
    • Fish systematics is a branch of systematic biology, which is the scientific classification of organisms.
    • Taxonomy is a component field of systematics that involves the art and science of describing organisms and the methods of grouping them hierarchically.
    • The history of biological classification dates back to ancient times, with Aristotle being the first to classify living things.
    • Carl Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature in the 18th century, which is still used today in modern taxonomy.
    • The total number of fish species described as of February 2022 is approximately 34,800 according to Fishbase.
    • The contemporary systematics of fish is primarily based on morphological traits, but discerning finer differences among strains, races, and biotypes can be challenging.
    • DNA-based marker systems, such as whole mitochondrial genome sequences, are being increasingly used in fish systematics to determine evolutionary relationships.
    • The field of systematics includes various branches such as numerical systematics, biochemical systematics, and experimental systematics.
    • Freshwater fishes constitute approximately 25% of all vertebrates and are an important component of global biodiversity.
    • There are over 15,000 freshwater fish species, and taxonomic work is ongoing, with an average of 305 new fish species described per year since 1976.
    • The predominant fish families in freshwater are Cyprinidae, Gobiidae, Cichlidae, Characidae, Loricariidae, and Balitoridae.

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    Water Quality Assessment of Tilapia

    Description

    Test your knowledge on freshwater fish species in this quiz! Discover interesting facts about the incredible diversity of these aquatic creatures and learn about the ongoing taxonomic work in this field. Challenge yourself and see how well you know the world of freshwater fishes.

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