Biology p 299-312

Which of the following scenarios would MOST likely lead to a decrease in the genetic diversity of a population's gene pool?

A population of butterflies exhibits two wing color variations, blue and orange, determined by a single gene with two alleles. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what can you infer about the selective pressures on these wing color variations?

Which of the following conditions is NOT a requirement for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

A researcher is studying a population of birds and observes that the frequency of a particular allele has changed significantly over several generations. According to the principles outlined, what is the MOST likely explanation for this observation?

In a population that strictly adheres to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a particular gene with two alleles, what is the relationship between allele frequencies and genotype frequencies?

In a population of wildflowers, the allele for red flowers (R) is dominant over the allele for white flowers (r). If the frequency of the recessive allele (r) is 0.4, what is the frequency of the dominant allele (R), assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Consider a population of butterflies where the frequency of the dominant allele (G) for green wings is 0.6. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of heterozygous (Gg) butterflies in the population?

Why is a large population size important for maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Which of the following is a direct consequence of genetic drift on a small population?

How does migration (gene flow) affect the genetic makeup of a population?

A population of fish in a newly formed lake initially exhibits a wide range of genetic diversity. Over time, however, a new predator is introduced that selectively preys on fish with a specific coloration. How will this MOST likely impact the population's gene pool?

A population of birds experiences a severe storm that drastically reduces its size. By chance, the surviving birds have a different allele frequency than the original population. What is this an example of?

In a small, isolated island population of lizards, you observe that the frequency of a particular allele has significantly increased over a few generations. There is no evidence of immigration, emigration, or selection favoring this allele. What is the most likely explanation for this change?

Which of the following scenarios would most likely lead to increased genetic diversity within a population?

Which of the following scenarios would make a population MOST susceptible to the effects of genetic drift?

Two species of frogs occasionally mate, but the resulting tadpoles never develop fully and die. This is an example of what type of reproductive isolation?

A population of wildflowers blooms in early spring, while another population of the same species in the same area blooms in late summer. What type of reproductive isolation is this?

How would the effect of a bottleneck event differ between a large, genetically diverse population and a small, genetically homogenous population?

Two species of insects release different pheromones to attract mates. Which type of reproductive isolation does this represent?

A wildlife conservation group is trying to protect a population of endangered cheetahs that has gone through a severe bottleneck. What would be the most effective long-term strategy to increase the genetic diversity of this population and reduce the risk of extinction?

Which of the following scenarios describes a case of habitat isolation?

In sea urchins, the proteins on the exterior of the eggs and sperm that allow fertilization to occur do not match between different species. This is an example of which type of reproductive isolation?

Which of the following is an example of mechanical isolation?

A scientist observes that two closely related plant species can produce hybrid offspring, but these offspring are sterile. Which type of reproductive barrier is primarily responsible for this?

Why doesn't a bottleneck event necessarily lead to better adaptation in a population?

What is the most likely outcome of gene flow occurring in both directions between two populations?

How does natural selection influence the prevalence of certain traits in a population over time?

What is the primary effect of individuals migrating into a new population?

What is a bottleneck event?

Species inhabiting similar environments often evolve analogous traits because they experience comparable what?

A population of birds colonizes a new island. Initially, the gene pool has a limited variety of alleles. Over time, some birds migrate to and from the mainland. How will this migration MOST likely affect the island bird population?

Imagine a population of fish living in a freshwater lake. A chemical spill drastically reduces the population size. Which of the following is the MOST likely consequence of this bottleneck event?

According to the neutral theory of molecular evolution, what is the primary fate of most genetic mutations?

If two species diverged from a common ancestor relatively recently, what would the molecular clock model predict about their genetic similarity regarding neutral mutations?

How does the accumulation rate of neutral mutations contribute to the concept of a molecular clock?

What key assumption underlies the molecular clock model in determining evolutionary relationships?

If two homologous DNA regions in different species show a large number of accumulated neutral mutations, what inference can be made using the molecular clock model?

Which outcome is LEAST likely to occur as a direct result of reduced intraspecific competition within a population undergoing adaptive radiation?

A population of birds exhibits two distinct beak sizes: small beaks suited for small seeds and large beaks suited for large seeds. Birds with intermediate beak sizes struggle to efficiently process either type of seed. Which type of selection is most likely acting on this population?

In a scenario where two closely related species of plants can occasionally interbreed, but their hybrid offspring are always infertile, which reproductive isolation mechanism is primarily at play?

A species of frogs experiences adaptive radiation, leading to several new species that occupy different niches within the same forest. Which factor would be MOST crucial in driving this adaptive radiation?

Two species of beetles can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring in the first generation. However, when these first-generation hybrids mate with each other, their offspring are weak and often infertile. Which reproductive isolation mechanism is demonstrated by this scenario?

If two populations of flowers with different pollination strategies (one attracts bees, the other attracts hummingbirds) are located close to each other, which evolutionary outcome is least likely?

A population of insects exhibits variation in insecticide resistance. Over time, widespread insecticide use leads to a population consisting almost entirely of resistant individuals. What is the underlying mechanism driving this change?

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates genetic leakage?