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Questions and Answers
What is the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living systems?
What is the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living systems?
- Radiobiology (correct)
- Deterministic Effects
- Radiation Chemistry
- Radiotherapy
Which of the following is a type of effect of radiation on tissues and organs?
Which of the following is a type of effect of radiation on tissues and organs?
- Deterministic Effect (correct)
- Radiotherapy
- Stochastic Effect
- Acute Radiation Syndrome
What is the result of DNA changes caused by radiation?
What is the result of DNA changes caused by radiation?
- Acute Radiation Syndrome
- Free Radical Formation
- Mutations (correct)
- Radiotherapy
What is the term for the effects of radiation that occur at low doses and have a random probability of occurrence?
What is the term for the effects of radiation that occur at low doses and have a random probability of occurrence?
What is the term for the effects of radiation that occur at high doses and have a predictable outcome?
What is the term for the effects of radiation that occur at high doses and have a predictable outcome?
What is the term for the short-term effects of radiation on the body?
What is the term for the short-term effects of radiation on the body?
What is the term for the effects of radiation on the embryo or fetus?
What is the term for the effects of radiation on the embryo or fetus?
What is the term for the use of radiation to treat diseases in the oral cavity?
What is the term for the use of radiation to treat diseases in the oral cavity?
What is the typical duration of radiation therapy to the head and neck that can cause severe oral complications?
What is the typical duration of radiation therapy to the head and neck that can cause severe oral complications?
Which salivary gland is most radiosensitive?
Which salivary gland is most radiosensitive?
What is the typical outcome of a 60 Gy dose of radiation to the salivary glands?
What is the typical outcome of a 60 Gy dose of radiation to the salivary glands?
What is xerostomia?
What is xerostomia?
What is the typical time course of oral complications after radiotherapy?
What is the typical time course of oral complications after radiotherapy?
What are the long-term risks of radiation therapy to the head and neck?
What are the long-term risks of radiation therapy to the head and neck?
What is the dose range that the major salivary glands are sometimes unavoidably exposed to during radiotherapy for cancer in the oral cavity or oropharynx?
What is the dose range that the major salivary glands are sometimes unavoidably exposed to during radiotherapy for cancer in the oral cavity or oropharynx?
What is the effect of radiation therapy on taste and healing of mucositis?
What is the effect of radiation therapy on taste and healing of mucositis?
What is a common complaint during the second or third week of radiotherapy?
What is a common complaint during the second or third week of radiotherapy?
Which flavors are more severely affected when the posterior two thirds of the tongue is irradiated?
Which flavors are more severely affected when the posterior two thirds of the tongue is irradiated?
What is the estimated decrease in taste acuity during radiotherapy?
What is the estimated decrease in taste acuity during radiotherapy?
How long does it typically take for taste loss to recover after radiotherapy?
How long does it typically take for taste loss to recover after radiotherapy?
What is the primary cause of taste loss during radiotherapy?
What is the primary cause of taste loss during radiotherapy?
Which part of the tongue is responsible for detecting sweet and salt flavors?
Which part of the tongue is responsible for detecting sweet and salt flavors?
What complication of radiotherapy can partly account for the reduction in taste acuity?
What complication of radiotherapy can partly account for the reduction in taste acuity?
Is taste loss during radiotherapy reversible?
Is taste loss during radiotherapy reversible?
What is the characteristic of radiation caries that distinguishes it from other types of caries?
What is the characteristic of radiation caries that distinguishes it from other types of caries?
What is the best method of reducing radiation caries?
What is the best method of reducing radiation caries?
What is a consequence of radiation caries on the periapical bone?
What is a consequence of radiation caries on the periapical bone?
What is the effect of radiation therapy on the salivary glands?
What is the effect of radiation therapy on the salivary glands?
What is a characteristic of teeth that have undergone radiation therapy?
What is a characteristic of teeth that have undergone radiation therapy?
What is the relationship between the dose of radiation and the severity of damage to the tooth?
What is the relationship between the dose of radiation and the severity of damage to the tooth?
What is the effect of radiation on the oral flora?
What is the effect of radiation on the oral flora?
What is the characteristic of the lesions that develop in patients with radiation caries?
What is the characteristic of the lesions that develop in patients with radiation caries?
What is a characteristic of saliva in individuals with xerostomia?
What is a characteristic of saliva in individuals with xerostomia?
What is essential for patients undergoing radiation therapy to prevent radiation caries?
What is essential for patients undergoing radiation therapy to prevent radiation caries?
What is the result of radiation on teeth, especially at doses greater than 30 Gy?
What is the result of radiation on teeth, especially at doses greater than 30 Gy?
Why are teeth with gross caries or periodontal involvement often extracted before irradiation?
Why are teeth with gross caries or periodontal involvement often extracted before irradiation?
What is the primary damage to mature bone in the mandible or maxilla due to radiation?
What is the primary damage to mature bone in the mandible or maxilla due to radiation?
What is the characteristic of the most common type of radiation caries?
What is the characteristic of the most common type of radiation caries?
Why is patient cooperation in maintaining oral hygiene extremely important?
Why is patient cooperation in maintaining oral hygiene extremely important?
What is the minimum dose of radiation that can cause destruction of teeth, especially in areas of occlusal loading or stress?
What is the minimum dose of radiation that can cause destruction of teeth, especially in areas of occlusal loading or stress?
Flashcards
Radiobiology
Radiobiology
The study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living systems.
Deterministic Effect
Deterministic Effect
Effect of radiation that occurs at high doses, with a predictable outcome.
Stochastic Effect
Stochastic Effect
Effect of radiation that occurs at low doses, with a random probability of occurrence.
Mutations
Mutations
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Short-Term Effects
Short-Term Effects
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Radiation Effects on Embryos and Fetuses
Radiation Effects on Embryos and Fetuses
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Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy
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Parotid gland
Parotid gland
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Xerostomia
Xerostomia
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Radiation Caries
Radiation Caries
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Hyposalivation
Hyposalivation
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Taste loss
Taste loss
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Taste Bud Degeneration
Taste Bud Degeneration
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Mucositis
Mucositis
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Oral Complications of Radiotherapy
Oral Complications of Radiotherapy
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Taste Recovery Time
Taste Recovery Time
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Flavors Affected by Posterior Tongue Irradiation
Flavors Affected by Posterior Tongue Irradiation
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Radiation-induced damage to tooth structure.
Radiation-induced damage to tooth structure.
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Salivary Gland Dose for Oral Cancer Treatment
Salivary Gland Dose for Oral Cancer Treatment
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Oral Flora Changes
Oral Flora Changes
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Radiation Caries Lesion Characteristics.
Radiation Caries Lesion Characteristics.
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Saliva Ca2+ Concentration
Saliva Ca2+ Concentration
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Preventing Radiation Caries
Preventing Radiation Caries
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Radiation Dose and Tooth Damage
Radiation Dose and Tooth Damage
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Study Notes
Radiation Chemistry and Biology
- Radiobiology is the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living systems.
- Ionizing radiation affects living systems through direct and indirect effects.
Direct and Indirect Effects
- Direct effects: radiation interacts with DNA, causing damage to cellular structures.
- Indirect effects: radiation interacts with water molecules, generating free radicals that damage cells.
Deterministic and Stochastic Effects
- Deterministic effects: effects of radiation on tissues and organs, often leading to cell death.
- Stochastic effects: random, long-term effects of radiation, including carcinogenesis and heritable effects.
Effects on Tissues and Organs
- Oral complications of radiotherapy include mucositis, taste loss, hyposalivation, and radiation caries.
- Salivary glands are radiosensitive, leading to xerostomia and alterations in saliva composition.
- Taste loss is reversible, but recovery takes 60-120 days.
Effects on Cells
- Radiation affects intracellular structures, including DNA, and disrupts cell replication.
Radiotherapy in the Oral Cavity
- Radiation therapy for cancer in the oral cavity or oropharynx often exposes salivary glands to 20-30 Gy.
- Parenchymal component of salivary glands is radiosensitive, leading to marked and progressive loss of saliva.
Radiation Caries
- Radiation caries is a rampant form of dental decay that may occur in individuals receiving radiotherapy.
- Causes of radiation caries include changes in salivary glands and saliva, including reduced flow, decreased pH, and altered flora.
- Daily application of 1% neutral sodium fluoride gel and excellent oral hygiene are essential in preventing radiation caries.
Osteoradionecrosis
- Susceptibility to osteoradionecrosis increases with radiation dose and duration.
- Radiation-induced damage to the vasculature of the periosteum and cortical bone leads to osteoradionecrosis.
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