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Questions and Answers
What is produced during DNA replication for a DNA strand with bases C-T-A-G-G-T?
What is the primary function of mRNA in the cell?
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in mRNA?
How many DNA strands are typically created as a result of one DNA replication process?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of DNA replication?
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What is the primary function of transcription?
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Which of the following correctly represents a base pairing in RNA during transcription?
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Given the DNA sequence A-A-C-C-T, what will the corresponding mRNA sequence be after transcription?
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Rosalind Franklin contributed to the discovery of the structure of DNA through her use of _________ __________.
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Which of the following describes DNA?
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The DNA molecule is built out of monomers called _____________.
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Each DNA nucleotide is composed of what three parts?
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Which nitrogenous base pairs with Adenine in DNA structure?
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Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping DNA during replication?
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What term describes agents that cause DNA mutations?
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What do biologists utilize DNA to determine?
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What type of structural configuration does DNA exhibit?
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Which type of gene mutation is a change in the singe base pair "A" to "G"
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Study Notes
Rosalind Franklin's Contribution
- Rosalind Franklin used X-ray photography to study the structure of DNA.
What is DNA?
- DNA is the blueprint of life.
- DNA is responsible for making cell structures and enzymes.
Monomers of DNA
- The DNA molecule is built from monomers called nucleotides.
Components of DNA Nucleotides
- Each DNA Nucleotide is composed of:
- deoxyribose
- a phosphate group
- a nitrogenous base
Nitrogenous Bases in DNA
- The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are:
- Adenine (A)
- Thymine (T)
- Cytosine (C)
- Guanine (G)
DNA Replication
- During DNA replication, if one strand of DNA has the bases C-T-A-G-G-T, the complementary strand will have the bases G-A-T-C-C-A.
What is mRNA?
- mRNA carries a message from the nucleus to the ribosome.
Nitrogenous Bases in mRNA
- The four nitrogenous bases in mRNA are:
- Adenine (A)
- Uracil (U)
- Cytosine (C)
- Guanine (G)
What is Transcription?
- Transcription is the process of making mRNA from the DNA template
- The process of making proteins from the mRNA code is called translation
Where does Transcription Take Place?
- Transcription takes place in the nucleus.
mRNA after Transcription
- If the DNA sequence is A-A-C-C-T, the mRNA sequence after transcription will be U-U-G-G-A.
- mRNA is a single-stranded helix.
What are Genetic Mutations?
- A Genetic Mutation is a change in the DNA sequence.
Types of Genetic Mutations
-
Point Mutation - When a single base pair is changed.
- Substitution - A base pair is swapped with another base pair.
- Insertion - An addition of a base pair.
- Deletion - A removal of a base pair.
What Causes Mutations?
- Mutagens can cause mutations in DNA
- Mutagens are factors that cause DNA mutations.
- Mutagens can include:
- radiation
- chemicals
Levels of Classification
- There are eight levels of classification:
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
DNA and Evolution
- DNA is used to determine what organisms are most closely related.
The Shape of DNA
- DNA is shaped like a double helix.
Types of Chromosomes
- There are two types of chromosomes:
- Autosomes - Chromosomes that carry the genes that determine a person's traits
- Sex Chromosomes - Chromosomes that determine a person's sex
The Role of DNA in Genetic Diagrams
- Genetic diagrams, like those studied in class, are based on differences in DNA.
The Genetic Code
- The genetic code uses mRNA codons to determine which amino acid gets incorporated into a protein.
- The four nitrogenous bases in mRNA are:
- Adenine (A)
- Uracil (U)
- Cytosine (C)
- Guanine (G)
The Importance of DNA
- DNA is vital for life
- It carries the instructions for building and maintaining an organism.
The Function of DNA Primase
- DNA Primase unzips a DNA molecule and separates the base pairs during replication.
Impact of DNA Mutations
- DNA mutations can lead to:
- Genetic disorders
- Cancer
- Variations in traits
How is DNA Replicated?
- DNA Replication is the process of making a copy of a DNA molecule.
- The process goes through the following steps:
- Unwinding: The double helix is unwound, the two strands are separated.
- Base Pairing: Each strand serves as a template for the creation of a new complimentary strand.
- Joining: The new strands join with their complementary strands forming two new DNA molecules.
What is the process called of making proteins from DNA?
- The process of making proteins from DNA is called protein synthesis.
What are the two main steps of protein synthesis?
- Transcription - The process of copying the genetic code from DNA into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule.
- Translation - The process by which the mRNA molecule is used to construct a protein.
What is tRNA?
- tRNA is a type of RNA that transfers the correct amino acid to the ribosome during translation.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts about DNA, including its structure, components, and replication process. Learn about the contributions of Rosalind Franklin and the roles of nucleotides and nitrogenous bases in DNA and mRNA. Test your knowledge and understanding of these essential biological topics.
