Foundations of Immunology BMS172: Complement System, Cytokines, Immunomodulation & Immune Response Events
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system?

  • Stimulation of the inflammatory response
  • Lysis of target cells
  • Opsonization of pathogens for phagocytosis
  • Regulation of antibody production (correct)

Which type of cytokine is responsible for the recruitment and activation of phagocytic cells during an immune response?

  • Chemokines (correct)
  • Colony-stimulating factors
  • Interferons
  • Interleukins

Which of the following is an example of an immunosuppressive method?

  • Cytokine therapy
  • Immunotherapy
  • Organ transplantation (correct)
  • Vaccination

In the sequence of events of a prototypical immune response, which step involves the activation and proliferation of antigen-specific T and B cells?

<p>Clonal selection and expansion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential mechanism by which the complement system can contribute to the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia?

<p>Lysis of host cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adjuvant is commonly used to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines?

<p>Aluminum salts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the probable diagnosis for the patient based on the information provided?

<p>Complement deficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying immunological mechanism behind the patient's condition?

<p>Deficiency in both the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the C1 complement component in the classical pathway of complement activation?

<p>C1 binds to the antigen-antibody complex, leading to the activation of C2 and C4. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of C3b in the complement activation cascade?

<p>C3b binds to C4b2b to form the C5 convertase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a component of the complement system?

<p>IgG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the classical pathway of complement activation differ from the alternative pathway?

<p>The classical pathway is activated by antigen-antibody complexes, while the alternative pathway is activated by microbial surfaces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is involved in the proliferation of T, NK, and B cells?

<p>IL-2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of interferon α as mentioned in the text?

<p>Antiviral action and increasing expression of class I MHC in all cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

<p>IFN-β (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IL-4 as mentioned in the text?

<p>B cell isotype switch to IgE and mast cell proliferation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is responsible for B cell proliferation and eosinophils activation?

<p>IL-5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does immunopotentiation mean based on the text provided?

<p>Enhancement of the immune response by increasing its rate and duration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the membrane attack complex (MAC) formed by the complement system?

<p>To create pores in cell membranes and induce osmotic lysis of the cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system?

<p>Providing stimuli for cytokine production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the membrane attack complex (MAC) is homologous to the 'perforin' found in Tc and NK cell granules?

<p>C9 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred general term for proteins secreted by immune cells in response to microbes?

<p>Cytokines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of C5a, C3a, and C4a in the complement system?

<p>To bind to receptors on neutrophils and stimulate inflammatory reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of cytokines?

<p>Induce osmotic lysis of cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of immunosuppression mentioned in the text?

<p>Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cyclosporine and tacrolimus (FK-506) is INCORRECT?

<p>Tacrolimus is more nephrotoxic than cyclosporin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil?

<p>They are antiproliferative drugs that inhibit purine synthesis required for cell division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in a prototypical immune response triggered when an antigen enters the body?

<p>APCs capture, antigen processing, antigen presentation, binding of peptide-MHC complex to TCRs, secretion of cytokines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of corticosteroids as immunosuppressive agents?

<p>They inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and decrease the migration of inflammatory cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about anti-IL-2 receptor antibody is CORRECT?

<p>It inhibits T cell proliferation by blocking IL-2 binding to its receptor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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