30 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system?
Regulation of antibody production
Which type of cytokine is responsible for the recruitment and activation of phagocytic cells during an immune response?
Chemokines
Which of the following is an example of an immunosuppressive method?
Organ transplantation
In the sequence of events of a prototypical immune response, which step involves the activation and proliferation of antigen-specific T and B cells?
Clonal selection and expansion
Which of the following is a potential mechanism by which the complement system can contribute to the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia?
Lysis of host cells
Which type of adjuvant is commonly used to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines?
Aluminum salts
What is the probable diagnosis for the patient based on the information provided?
Complement deficiency
What is the underlying immunological mechanism behind the patient's condition?
Deficiency in both the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation
What is the function of the C1 complement component in the classical pathway of complement activation?
C1 binds to the antigen-antibody complex, leading to the activation of C2 and C4.
What is the role of C3b in the complement activation cascade?
C3b binds to C4b2b to form the C5 convertase.
Which of the following is not a component of the complement system?
IgG
How does the classical pathway of complement activation differ from the alternative pathway?
The classical pathway is activated by antigen-antibody complexes, while the alternative pathway is activated by microbial surfaces.
Which cytokine is involved in the proliferation of T, NK, and B cells?
IL-2
What is the function of interferon α as mentioned in the text?
Antiviral action and increasing expression of class I MHC in all cells
Which cytokine is used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?
IFN-β
What is the function of IL-4 as mentioned in the text?
B cell isotype switch to IgE and mast cell proliferation
Which cytokine is responsible for B cell proliferation and eosinophils activation?
IL-5
What does immunopotentiation mean based on the text provided?
Enhancement of the immune response by increasing its rate and duration
What is the primary function of the membrane attack complex (MAC) formed by the complement system?
To create pores in cell membranes and induce osmotic lysis of the cells
Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system?
Providing stimuli for cytokine production
Which component of the membrane attack complex (MAC) is homologous to the 'perforin' found in Tc and NK cell granules?
C9
What is the preferred general term for proteins secreted by immune cells in response to microbes?
Cytokines
What is the role of C5a, C3a, and C4a in the complement system?
To bind to receptors on neutrophils and stimulate inflammatory reactions
Which of the following is NOT a function of cytokines?
Induce osmotic lysis of cells
Which of the following is NOT a method of immunosuppression mentioned in the text?
Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody
Which of the following statements about cyclosporine and tacrolimus (FK-506) is INCORRECT?
Tacrolimus is more nephrotoxic than cyclosporin
What is the mechanism of action of azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil?
They are antiproliferative drugs that inhibit purine synthesis required for cell division
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in a prototypical immune response triggered when an antigen enters the body?
APCs capture, antigen processing, antigen presentation, binding of peptide-MHC complex to TCRs, secretion of cytokines
What is the mechanism of action of corticosteroids as immunosuppressive agents?
They inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and decrease the migration of inflammatory cells
Which of the following statements about anti-IL-2 receptor antibody is CORRECT?
It inhibits T cell proliferation by blocking IL-2 binding to its receptor
Test your knowledge on topics like the complement system, cytokines, immunomodulation, and the sequence of events in the immune response in Level 1 Semester 2 Module of Foundations of Immunology BMS172.
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