Foundations of Cognition I: Long-Term Memory

<p>The group who learned with a ticking clock noise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process that stabilizes a memory trace post-acquisition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-term memory lasts from minutes to a lifetime. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain information in active short-term memory. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To link new information to existing knowledge for easier recall. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To activate when an individual is in a specific location (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-term memory has a slow and gradual forgetting rate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imagery techniques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General knowledge not tied to specific experiences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It relies solely on rote memorization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In specific association areas related to the information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterograde amnesia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formation and retention of information over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The role of the hippocampus in memory formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding the concept of gravity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of previously stored memories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To simplify complex information into more retrievable forms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increased ability to remember the first and last items in a list (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Better memory for items presented at the beginning of a list (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps form mental reminders through associations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates better recall for items at the end of a list (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imaging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oh Boy, Another F's Gonna Kill Me (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Another student recalls the last names from a list of classmates more easily (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Striatum and cerebellum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Associative memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parkinson's disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amygdala (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Habituation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Associative memory involves learning through associations, while non-associative does not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Performing a dance routine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased response to a strong stimulus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability to form new memories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recent memories are forgotten more than older ones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals can recall details without recognizing the associated object (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reconsolidation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memories are restabilized and may be altered (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evidence exists for various theories but not all amnesiacs fit neatly into one category (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memories are 'unboxed' and repackaged for long-term storage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Memory with no capacity limits, lasting from minutes to a lifetime.

Early model proposing LTM as a single storage with control processes.

Repeating information to keep it in short-term memory.

Connecting information to other information for easier recall.

Connecting information to its meaning.

Memory aids that make remembering easier.

Learning information through repetition without understanding.

Strategies that influence how information is processed.

Better recall for items at the beginning of a list due to more rehearsal and stronger encoding in long-term memory.

Better recall for items at the end of a list because they are still in short-term memory.

The process of making a memory stronger and more permanent in long-term memory after initially being formed.

Sleep is important for strengthening memories and processing information learned during the day.

Activating prior memories with cues, improving long-term memory. This improvement could happen during sleep.

Using a phrase to remember the order of star spectral classes (e.g., "Oh Boy, Another F's Gonna Kill Me").

Creating visual images to help remember information.

Connecting visual imagery with concepts to improve memorization.

Better recall for items at the beginning and end of a list, worse for the middle.

A study showing that recall from a list is best for beginning and end words.

Neurons in the hippocampus that activate when an individual is in a specific location, helping the brain create a spatial map.

A brain structure crucial for forming new memories, particularly those with spatial and contextual details.

Stores general knowledge, facts, and concepts independent of specific events or contexts.

Memory for personal experiences, including details of when and where they occurred.

This is an example of semantic memory, as it represents general knowledge about the world, not a specific personal experience.

A famous case study in neuroscience where a patient experienced severe anterograde amnesia after brain surgery that removed parts of the temporal lobe, including pathways to the hippocampus.

The inability to form new long-term memories after an event, such as a brain injury.

Loss of memories from a period of time before a specific event, such as a traumatic brain injury.

A type of memory loss where recently formed memories are forgotten more than older memories.

This model proposes that the hippocampus encodes new declarative memories, then transfers them to the cortex over time, making them independent of the hippocampus.

The hippocampus initially encodes information about declarative memories, including when and where events occurred.

This theory suggests that every time a memory is retrieved, a new 'trace' is formed, making the hippocampus always involved in recall, even for old memories.

The process of restabilizing a memory after it's been retrieved, potentially altering or updating it.

Memories can change when retrieved through reconsolidation, making them potentially inaccurate.

This type of long-term memory refers to memories for skills, habits, and conditioned responses. It's often implicit and not consciously recalled.

Memory for actions, skills, and operations that are learned through practice and repetition, such as riding a bike or typing.

Brain regions primarily responsible for procedural memory. The striatum is involved in motor control, while the cerebellum coordinates movement.

Memory that links together different pieces of information, allowing you to retrieve one piece based on its association with another.

A type of memory involving strong emotions that bind certain information together. It's largely linked to the amygdala.

A decrease in response to a repeated, neutral stimulus over time. For example, you might stop noticing the sound of a ticking clock after a while.

An increased response to a stimulus following exposure to a strong or intense stimulus. For example, being more sensitive to a light touch after experiencing a painful experience.

Learning that occurs without any specific associations, focusing on changes in response to a single stimulus.

The striatum, part of the basal ganglia, and the cerebellum are primarily responsible for procedural memory. The striatum helps control movement, while the cerebellum coordinates it.