Long-Term Memory Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is long-term memory (LTM)?

Memory stage that requires conscious effort to remember.

Memory stage in which information is stored for a long period of time. (correct)

Memory stage for a temporary period.

Memory stage with limited capacity.

What type of memory is explicit (declarative) memory?

Long-term memory for factual knowledge and personal experiences

What does semantic memory refer to?

Explicit memory for factual knowledge

What is episodic memory?

Explicit memory for personal experience Signup and view all the answers

What does implicit (non-declarative) memory involve?

Long-term memory for procedural tasks Signup and view all the answers

What are procedural memories?

Implicit memory for cognitive and motor tasks Signup and view all the answers

Define emotional memories.

Emotion that shows up with a specific memory Signup and view all the answers

What is priming in the context of memory?

The implicit influence of an earlier presented stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What does the term amnesic refer to?

Person with severe memory deficits Signup and view all the answers

What is anterograde amnesia?

Inability to form new explicit long-term memories Signup and view all the answers

Define retrograde amnesia.

Disruption of memory for the past Signup and view all the answers

What effect does damage to the hippocampus have?

Problems with explicit memory Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is damage to the cerebellum?

Affects implicit memory Signup and view all the answers

What is infantile/child amnesia?

Inability to remember events before 3 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is a free recall task?

A memory task where participants recall items in any order Signup and view all the answers

What does recognition in memory refer to?

Recognizing information that is in front of you Signup and view all the answers

What is recall in the context of memory?

Recalling information without any cues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primacy effect?

Superior recall of the early portion of a list Signup and view all the answers

Define the recency effect.

Superior recall of the latter portion of a list Signup and view all the answers

What is the serial position effect?

Tendency to remember items due to their position in a series Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Long-Term Memory Concepts

Long-term memory (LTM) involves the storage of information for extended periods, potentially permanently, with an essentially infinite capacity.
Explicit memory (declarative) refers to remembering facts and personal experiences, requiring conscious effort and declaration.

Types of Explicit Memory

Semantic memory is the storage of factual knowledge, composed of personally deemed truths (e.g., Washington being the first president).
Episodic memory refers to autobiographical recollections of personal experiences (e.g., memories of a first kiss).

Implicit Memory

Implicit memory (non-declarative) encompasses procedural tasks and learned responses that do not require conscious awareness, like driving a car.
Procedural memories involve cognitive and motor tasks with a physical component (e.g., ringing a bell for a tennis ball).

Memory and Emotion

Emotional memories refer to emotions linked to specific recollections, influencing recall based on feelings associated with the memory.

Memory Processes

Priming describes how past stimuli influence responses to new stimuli without conscious recollection of the earlier information.
A person with amnesia experiences severe memory deficits often linked to brain injury or surgery.

Forms of Amnesia

Anterograde amnesia prevents the formation of new explicit long-term memories after brain damage, preserving pre-existing memories.
Retrograde amnesia disrupts memory retrieval for events prior to trauma, significantly affecting episodic memories.

Brain Structures and Memory

Damage to the hippocampus results in difficulties with explicit memory formation.
Cerebellar damage impacts implicit memory, affecting skills such as tying shoes or riding a bike.

Childhood and Memory Recall

Infantile/child amnesia refers to the inability to recall memories before age three due to the underdevelopment of the hippocampus.

Memory Retrieval Techniques

Free recall task requires participants to retrieve a list of items in any order after presentation.
Recognition involves identifying presented information (e.g., multiple-choice tests).
Recall is retrieving information without cues (e.g., short answer assessments).

Memory Effects

Primacy effect highlights superior recall of early items in a list during free recall tasks.
Recency effect demonstrates better recall for the last items in a list.
Serial position effect explains the tendency to remember items based on their position within a sequence.

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Description

Test your knowledge on long-term memory concepts with these flashcards. Learn about different types of long-term memory, including explicit and declarative memory. Perfect for students studying psychology or cognitive science.