Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who were the German psychologists credited with introducing Gestalt principles to psychologists in the United States?
Who were the German psychologists credited with introducing Gestalt principles to psychologists in the United States?
What does the word 'Gestalt' roughly translate to?
What does the word 'Gestalt' roughly translate to?
What is a major emphasis of Gestalt psychology?
What is a major emphasis of Gestalt psychology?
What did the rise of behaviorism in the United States do to the principles of Gestalt psychology?
What did the rise of behaviorism in the United States do to the principles of Gestalt psychology?
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In what way did the perspective of Gestalt psychology directly contradict Wundt’s ideas of structuralism?
In what way did the perspective of Gestalt psychology directly contradict Wundt’s ideas of structuralism?
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Who advocated for behaviorism and shifted psychology's focus from the mind to observable behavior?
Who advocated for behaviorism and shifted psychology's focus from the mind to observable behavior?
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Which psychologist studied conditioned reflex and classical conditioning in behavior?
Which psychologist studied conditioned reflex and classical conditioning in behavior?
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Who focused on how behavior is affected by consequences, emphasizing reinforcement and punishment?
Who focused on how behavior is affected by consequences, emphasizing reinforcement and punishment?
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Which psychologist's work led to the establishment of psychology as a scientific discipline through objective methods and experimentation?
Which psychologist's work led to the establishment of psychology as a scientific discipline through objective methods and experimentation?
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Which psychologist's popular science books advocated for the value of operant conditioning for creating happier lives?
Which psychologist's popular science books advocated for the value of operant conditioning for creating happier lives?
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Study Notes
Foundations of Behaviorism and Key Figures
- Humanistic theory late in the century emphasized viewing the human individual as a whole rather than a sum of individually measured parts.
- The ideas of Gestalt continued to influence research on sensation and perception.
- Structuralism, Freud, and the Gestalt psychologists focused on understanding inner experience.
- Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, studied conditioned reflex and classical conditioning in behavior.
- John B. Watson shifted psychology's focus from the mind to observable behavior, advocating for behaviorism.
- Behaviorism dominated experimental psychology, establishing psychology as a scientific discipline through objective methods and experimentation.
- Behavior modification derived from behaviorism is commonly used in classroom settings and behavioral therapy.
- B.F. Skinner, a behaviorist, focused on how behavior is affected by consequences, emphasizing reinforcement and punishment.
- Skinner's operant conditioning chamber, known as the Skinner box, allowed the study of modifying behavior through reinforcement and punishment.
- The Skinner box isolates the subject and delivers positive reinforcement, punishment, or token conditioning.
- Skinner's focus on positive and negative reinforcement of learned behaviors had a lasting influence in psychology.
- Skinner's popular science books advocated for the value of operant conditioning for creating happier lives.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the foundations of behaviorism and key figures in psychology with this quiz. Explore the contributions of Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner to the development of behaviorism and its impact on the field of psychology.
