Foundation Program: Nervous System Part 1

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What determines the organization of the nervous system?

The type of organs involved
The function and location of its components (correct)
The size of the brain
The number of neurons in the system

Which two systems play the most important roles in maintaining homeostasis?

Muscular and skeletal systems
Respiratory and digestive systems
Nervous and endocrine systems (correct)
Nervous and circulatory systems

What is the branch of medical science that deals with the normal functioning and disorders of the nervous system?

Neurology (correct)
Orthopedics
Pathology
Cardiology

What is necessary to differentiate between similar-looking organs in the nervous system?

Tools such as the microscope or electrophysiology (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the coordination of the central and peripheral divisions of the nervous system?

Control of balance, body position, and touch (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the nervous system's complexity?

Many different and separate regions are responsible for many different and separate functions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nucleus in a cell?

To contain DNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a cluster of neuronal cell bodies located in the CNS?

Nucleus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a nerve and a tract?

A nerve is located in the PNS, while a tract is in the CNS (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a cluster of neuronal cell bodies located in the PNS?

Ganglion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a stimulus in the context of nerve impulses?

A change in the environment that initiates a response (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a cranial nerve and a spinal nerve?

A cranial nerve connects the brain to the periphery, while a spinal nerve connects the spinal cord to the periphery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sodium ions entering the axon during an action potential?

The inside of the axon becomes less negative (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold value for the potential difference to trigger an action potential?

-50mV (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the flow of current during an action potential?

From the previous section of the axon membrane to the next section (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of nerve impulse conduction in an unmyelinated axon?

Continuous conduction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the electrochemical gradient of sodium ions in an axon?

Greater concentration outside the axon than inside (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential of the inside of the axon when an action potential reaches its peak?

+30mV (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the CSF circulate through?

Through the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord, and through ventricles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the thalamus?

Filtering and relaying information to various brain regions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the hypothalamus?

Regulating activities of internal organs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cerebellum?

Coordinating movement and motor learning (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate mass of the human brain?

1300 g (almost 3 lbs) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the medulla?

Vital reflexes, such as heartbeat and respiration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

To compare intended movements with sensory input (A) Signup and view all the answers

At what age is the spinal cord fully developed?

4 years (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the interneuron in a reflex arc?

To consist of one or more synapses in the CNS (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where are most reflexes initiated and completed?

In the spinal cord (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the afferent pathway in a reflex arc?

To conduct impulses from the receptor to the CNS (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occupies only the upper two-thirds of the vertebral canal in adults?

The spinal cord (C) Signup and view all the answers