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Questions and Answers
What does basal metabolic rate (BMR) primarily measure?
What does basal metabolic rate (BMR) primarily measure?
- Energy used during physical activity
- Total energy consumption during sleep
- Energy required by the body for involuntary work (correct)
- Energy used for digesting food
Which factor does NOT affect the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Which factor does NOT affect the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
- Dietary intake (correct)
- Age
- Body composition
- Climate
What is specific dynamic action (SDA)?
What is specific dynamic action (SDA)?
- Increase in metabolic rate due to food intake (correct)
- The energy cost of exercising
- Energy required for body temperature maintenance
- The energy spent during sleep
Which of the following energy stores is NOT primarily composed of fat?
Which of the following energy stores is NOT primarily composed of fat?
Which statement accurately describes energy balance?
Which statement accurately describes energy balance?
What could lead to underweight according to the energy balance principle?
What could lead to underweight according to the energy balance principle?
What type of physical activity is considered moderate work?
What type of physical activity is considered moderate work?
How much glycogen can be stored in the muscles?
How much glycogen can be stored in the muscles?
What does excessive consumption of calories compared to output result in?
What does excessive consumption of calories compared to output result in?
Which energy store varies the most from one person to another?
Which energy store varies the most from one person to another?
What is the main purpose of ATP in living cells?
What is the main purpose of ATP in living cells?
Which of the following forms of energy is primarily involved in muscle movement?
Which of the following forms of energy is primarily involved in muscle movement?
What is the energy value of carbohydrates per gram?
What is the energy value of carbohydrates per gram?
Which of the following best describes the term 'specific dynamic action'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'specific dynamic action'?
When ATP loses a phosphate ion, it is converted into which compound?
When ATP loses a phosphate ion, it is converted into which compound?
What type of activities are considered voluntary?
What type of activities are considered voluntary?
How many kCal of energy does one mole of ATP provide?
How many kCal of energy does one mole of ATP provide?
Which of the following is not classified as a form of energy relevant to nutrition?
Which of the following is not classified as a form of energy relevant to nutrition?
What contributes to the total energy requirements of a person?
What contributes to the total energy requirements of a person?
Which form of energy is important for the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin?
Which form of energy is important for the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin?
What energy-rich compound is primarily responsible for storing energy in living cells?
What energy-rich compound is primarily responsible for storing energy in living cells?
Which of the following forms of energy is produced when energy is converted from one form to another?
Which of the following forms of energy is produced when energy is converted from one form to another?
Which type of activities are classified as involuntary?
Which type of activities are classified as involuntary?
What is the energy value of protein per gram?
What is the energy value of protein per gram?
What is released when ATP converts to ADP in living cells?
What is released when ATP converts to ADP in living cells?
What is the primary function of mechanical energy in the body?
What is the primary function of mechanical energy in the body?
How much energy does one mole of ATP provide in kCal?
How much energy does one mole of ATP provide in kCal?
What do phosphate ions help facilitate in the conversion process involving ATP?
What do phosphate ions help facilitate in the conversion process involving ATP?
What accounts for a person's total energy requirement?
What accounts for a person's total energy requirement?
Which term describes activities that are under conscious control?
Which term describes activities that are under conscious control?
Which factors influence basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Which factors influence basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
What is the significance of specific dynamic action (SDA)?
What is the significance of specific dynamic action (SDA)?
How does physical activity impact basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
How does physical activity impact basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Which energy store primarily consists of carbohydrates?
Which energy store primarily consists of carbohydrates?
What does energy balance ensure?
What does energy balance ensure?
Which statement about adipose tissue is correct?
Which statement about adipose tissue is correct?
What occurs when there is excessive consumption of calories?
What occurs when there is excessive consumption of calories?
Which of the following activities is classified as heavy work?
Which of the following activities is classified as heavy work?
What is a common effect of fever on BMR?
What is a common effect of fever on BMR?
Which type of physical activity is considered sedentary work?
Which type of physical activity is considered sedentary work?
Flashcards
What is energy?
What is energy?
The ability to do work. It exists in various forms, with chemical, light, mechanical, electrical, and heat energy being significant in nutrition.
What is chemical energy in food?
What is chemical energy in food?
Energy stored within the chemical bonds of food molecules and released through digestion.
What is light or solar energy?
What is light or solar energy?
Energy from sunlight, used for vitamin D synthesis in the skin and photosynthesis in plants.
What is mechanical energy?
What is mechanical energy?
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What is electrical energy in the body?
What is electrical energy in the body?
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What is heat energy?
What is heat energy?
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What is ATP?
What is ATP?
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How does ATP release energy?
How does ATP release energy?
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What is total energy requirement?
What is total energy requirement?
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What are voluntary activities?
What are voluntary activities?
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Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
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Specific Dynamic Action (SDA)
Specific Dynamic Action (SDA)
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Physical Activity
Physical Activity
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Glycogen
Glycogen
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Muscle Protein
Muscle Protein
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Adipose Tissue (Fat)
Adipose Tissue (Fat)
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Energy Balance
Energy Balance
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Energy Imbalance: Excess calories
Energy Imbalance: Excess calories
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Energy Imbalance: Deficient calories
Energy Imbalance: Deficient calories
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Overweight/Obesity
Overweight/Obesity
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Involuntary Activities
Involuntary Activities
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Muscle Protein Storage
Muscle Protein Storage
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Study Notes
Forms of Energy
- Energy is defined as the ability to do work.
- Energy exists in various forms, crucial for nutrition.
- Chemical energy: Found in food.
- Light/Solar energy: Aids vitamin D synthesis and photosynthesis.
- Mechanical energy: Enables muscle movement.
- Electrical energy: Powers brain and nerve functions.
- Heat energy: Created when energy changes form.
Energy Storage
- Energy from food breakdown is stored as adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
- ATP stores energy in rich phosphate bonds.
- Living cells use energy only in the form of energy-rich phosphate bonds.
ATP and Cellular Activity
- When energy is needed, living cells release energy from ATP.
- ATP conversion to adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
- One mole of ATP releases 8 kcal/33 kJ of energy.
- ADP converts back to ATP by adding phosphate ions, facilitating energy release and transfer.
Energy Value of Foods
- Physiological fuel value (kcal/g) and potential energy in food (kcal/g).
- Carbohydrates: 4.0 kcal/g / 4.15 kcal/g
- Proteins: 4.0 kcal/g / 5.65 kcal/g
- Fats: 9.0 kcal/g / 9.4kcal/g
Total Energy Requirement
- Total energy needed by a person combines basal energy needs, food energy effect, and physical activity.
- Energy is required for growth, maintenance, regulating body temperature, and physical/mental activity.
Types of Activities Needing Energy
- Voluntary activities: Under conscious control (e.g., walking, cycling, dish washing).
- Involuntary activities: Essential for life (e.g., heart beat, respiration, body temperature).
- Total energy = basal metabolic rate + specific dynamic action + activity rate
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
- BMR is the energy needed for involuntary bodily functions (e.g., work, maintaining temperature).
- Factors affecting BMR: Body size, composition, age, sex, health state, fever, hormones and climate
Specific Dynamic Action (SDA)
- SDA is the increase in metabolic rate from food digestion.
- Energy is needed to digest, absorb, and metabolize consumed food.
Physical Activity
- Physical activity increases BMR.
- Activities include work, recreation, and mental activity.
- Activities categorized as sedentary/light, moderate, and heavy work
Energy Storage in the Body
- The body stores energy in three forms.
- Glycogen: Carbohydrate storage; 300 g in muscles, 100 g in liver.
- Muscles: Protein storage (limited amounts).
- Adipose tissue: Fat storage (amounts vary between individuals).
Energy Balance
- Energy balance occurs when energy intake equals energy expenditure.
- Stable body weight.
- Excessive intake: Leads to overweight/obesity.
- Insufficient intake: Leads to underweight/under-nutrition.
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Description
Explore the diverse forms of energy essential to life, including chemical, mechanical, and solar energy. This quiz delves into how energy is stored as ATP in living cells and its role in cellular activity. Test your understanding of the energy value of foods and how energy is released and transferred in biological systems.
