Energy Forms and Storage Quiz

Energy Forms

• Energy is the ability to do work.
• Energy exists in various forms crucial for nutrition.
• Chemical energy is found in food.
• Light/solar energy aids vitamin D synthesis in skin and photosynthesis in plants.
• Mechanical energy powers muscle movement.
• Electrical energy fuels brain and nerve cell function.
• Heat energy results from energy conversion.

Energy Storage

• Energy from food breakdown is stored as adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
• ATP serves as a store of energy-rich phosphate bonds.
• Living cells utilize energy only in the form of energy-rich phosphate bonds.
• Cellular activity triggers ATP breakdown into adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
• One mole of ATP provides 8 kcal/33 kJ of energy.
• ADP is reconverted to ATP through phosphate ion addition.

Energy Value of Food

• Physiological fuel value (kcal/g) and potential energy (kcal/g) in food are tabulated.
• Carbohydrates have a fuel value of 4.0 kcal/g and a potential energy of 4.15 kcal/g.
• Proteins have a fuel value of 4.0 kcal/g and a potential energy of 5.65 kcal/g.
• Fats have a fuel value of 9.0 kcal/g and a potential energy of 9.4 kcal/g.

Total Energy Requirements

• Total energy needs are the sum of basal energy, energy from food, and energy for physical activity.
• Energy is required for growth, maintenance, numerous bodily processes, body temperature regulation, and mental/physical activity.

Types of Activities

• Activities are categorized into voluntary (under will control) and involuntary (not under will control).
• Examples of voluntary activities include walking, sitting, and dishwashing.
• Involuntary activities include heart-beating, respiration, and maintaining body temperature.
• Total energy = basal metabolic rate + specific dynamic action + activity rate

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

• BMR is the energy required for involuntary bodily functions and temperature maintenance.
• Factors influencing BMR include body size, composition, age, sex, health status, fever, hormones, and climate.

Specific Dynamic Action (SDA)

• SDA refers to the increased metabolic rate after eating.
• Energy is used for digesting, absorbing, and metabolizing food.

Physical Activity

• Physical activity increases BMR.
• This includes energy needed for work, recreation, and mental activity.
• Physical activities range from sedentary/light work to moderate and heavy work.

Body's Energy Stores

• The body stores energy in three main forms: glycogen, muscles, and adipose tissue.
• Glycogen, the carbohydrate storage form, is found in muscles (300g) and liver (100g).
• Protein is stored in limited amounts in muscles.
• Fat is stored in adipose tissue, with varying storage amounts across individuals.

Energy Balance

• Energy balance is the state where energy intake equals energy expenditure, resulting in stable body weight.
• Energy balance : energy output = energy input.
• Excessive calorie intake leads to weight gain (obesity).
• Insufficient intake of carbohydrates and fats can cause underweight.
• Both are detrimental and require correction.

Test your knowledge on the various forms of energy, their importance in nutrition, and how energy is stored in living organisms. This quiz covers concepts like ATP, energy conversion, and the energy value of food.