Forked Line Diagram for Dihybrid and Trihybrid Crosses
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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to genes that affect multiple, apparently unrelated phenotypes?

  • Epistasis
  • Monogenic traits
  • Pleiotropy (correct)
  • Polygenic traits
  • What does the term 'pleiotropy' mean?

  • One gene affecting multiple traits (correct)
  • One gene affecting a single trait
  • Multiple genes interacting to govern a trait
  • Multiple genes converging to result in a single phenotype
  • In which disorder is a mutation in a pleiotropic gene discussed in the text?

  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Sickle cell anemia
  • Phenylketonuria (PKU) (correct)
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • What does the word 'pleiotropy' signify etymologically?

    <p>'Affecting many'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pleiotropy is NOT to be confused with:

    <p>Polygenic traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the development of a testis in an XY embryo around the seventh week?

    <p>Absence of the Y chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is responsible for causing undifferentiated gonadal tissue to form testes?

    <p>Testis determining factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During male gametogenesis, what is critical for segregation of the X and Y chromosomes?

    <p>Synapsis and recombination in PARs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What continues to be expressed even from the Barr body in females?

    <p>Pseudoautosomal regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates into structures of the female reproductive tract?

    <p>Müllerian ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Chi-Square (𝛘2) Goodness-of-Fit Test mentioned in the text?

    <p>To determine the likelihood of chance causing deviation between observed and expected ratios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are degrees of freedom (d.o.f) calculated in the context of the Chi-Square (𝛘2) Goodness-of-Fit Test?

    <p>By subtracting 1 from the number of categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the critical value, P(0.05) at d.o.f = 1 being 3.841 indicate in Table 3.7?

    <p>The threshold for determining whether deviation is due to chance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of genetic crosses, what does the null hypothesis state?

    <p>There is no significant difference between the observed and expected ratios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Forked line/Branch Diagram represent in relation to dihybrid and trihybrid crosses?

    <p>Application of Probability rules in genetic crosses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the presence or absence of extra digits, which can exhibit incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity?

    <p>Phenotype variability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor may contribute to incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in genetic traits such as polydactyly?

    <p>Sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In gene interactions, what is the term used to describe the masking effect of one gene over another at a different locus?

    <p>Epistasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene interaction pattern results in a 9:3:4 phenotypic ratio in dihybrid crosses?

    <p>Duplicate recessive epistasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gene interaction type produces a 15:1 phenotypic ratio in dihybrid crosses?

    <p>Dominant and recessive epistasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lyon hypothesize about the inactivation of X chromosomes?

    <p>It occurs randomly in somatic cells at a specific stage in embryonic development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do X-linked coat color patterns not occur in male cats?

    <p>Because male cats have only one maternal X chromosome and are hemizygous for X-linked coat-color alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene is known to be critical for X-inactivation?

    <p>X-inactive specific transcript (Xist)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the X-inactivation center (Xic) located on the mammalian X chromosome?

    <p>In the p arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pattern was observed in the coat colors of female tortoiseshell and calico cats?

    <p>Spotted pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

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