Forces in the Human Body
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Questions and Answers

What is the force that controls all motion in the world?

  • Muscular force (correct)
  • Nuclear force
  • Gravitational force
  • Electrical force

    • What are the four fundamental forces recognized by physicists?

  • Electrical, gravitational, nuclear, and magnetic forces
  • Static, dynamic, frictional, and muscular forces
  • Gravitational, electrical, weak nuclear, and strong nuclear forces (correct)
  • Frictional, gravitational, rotational, and translational forces

    • What is the medical effect of gravitational force on the body?

  • Increase in blood pressure
  • Enlargement of the heart
  • Strengthening of the muscles
  • Formation of varicose veins in the legs (correct)

    • What is the force that holds the nucleus together?

    <p>Strong nuclear force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition of equilibrium in statics?

    <p>The sum of the forces in any direction is zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for torque?

    <p>τ = F.L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of levers based on?

    <p>The position of the fulcrum, effort, and load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of force that is involved in both statics and dynamics?

    <p>Frictional force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for rotational equilibrium?

    <p>The sum of the torques about any axis is zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of force that causes the blood to circulate and the lungs to take in air and other essential functions?

    <p>Muscular force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that resists the motion between two surfaces in contact?

    <p>Frictional force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coefficient of static friction used to find?

    <p>Max. resistance force on an object before it starts to move</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that supplies the effort in a lever system?

    <p>Muscle force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of friction that occurs when an object is stationary and on the verge of moving?

    <p>Static friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for force in terms of mass and velocity?

    <p>F = m × Δv</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the force in a lever system?

    <p>F = MW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the effects of acceleration on the human body?

    <p>An apparent increase or decrease in body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a centrifuge in a laboratory?

    <p>To separate particles of different densities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the synovial fluid in the joint?

    <p>To lubricate the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition when the coefficient of friction is less than 0.15?

    <p>The foot slips forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for hematocrit?

    <p>Percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the factors that affects hematocrit?

    <p>Speed of centrifuge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the horizontal force component of the heel?

    <p>Fh = 0.15W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of lever system where the load is between the fulcrum and the force?

    <p>Second class lever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical use of terminal velocity?

    <p>To diagnose blood diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the force in one-dimensional motion?

    <p>F = ma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the sedimentation velocity of red blood cells in hemolytic jaundice?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of centrifugation in diagnosing blood diseases?

    <p>To separate red blood cells from other components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Forces in the Body

    • There are four fundamental forces in the body: gravitational, electrical, nuclear (strong and weak), and frictional force.
    • Gravitational Force:
      • Attracts objects with mass towards each other
      • Responsible for our weight
      • Causes varicose veins in the legs due to the force of gravity on blood flow
    • Electrical Force:
      • Responsible for muscle contraction and blood circulation
      • Cells in the body have an electrical potential difference across the cell membrane
      • Attracts opposite electrical charges

    Levers in the Body

    • Bones and muscles in the body act as levers
    • Levers are classified into three classes: first, second, and third
    • First Class Lever:
      • Fulcrum is between the effort and load
      • Examples: joint between the skull and atlas vertebrae, spine
    • Second Class Lever:
      • Load is between the fulcrum and effort
      • Examples: Achilles tendon, pushing or pulling across the heel of the foot
    • Third Class Lever:
      • Effort is between the fulcrum and load
      • Examples: elbow joint, biceps muscle

    Frictional Force

    • A force that resists motion between two surfaces in contact
    • Depends on the nature of the surface and is independent of the area of the surface
    • Static Friction:
      • The effective force between surfaces that are at rest with respect to each other
      • Coefficient of static friction (μs) is used to find the maximum resistance force on an object before it starts to move
    • Kinetic (Sliding) Friction:
      • The effective force between surfaces that are in relative motion
      • Coefficient of kinetic friction (μk) is used to calculate the force
      • Friction in the body: walking, where frictional force prevents the foot from slipping forward or backward

    Dynamics

    • The force on the body under constant acceleration or deceleration of one-dimensional motion
    • Newton's Second Law: force equal to mass times acceleration (F = ma)
    • Effects of Acceleration:
      • Apparent increase or decrease in body weight
      • Changes in internal hydrostatic pressure
      • Distortion of elastic tissues in the body
      • Pooling of blood in various regions of the body depending on the direction of acceleration

    Centrifugation and Hematocrit

    • Centrifugation: a laboratory test for diagnosing related blood diseases by separating particles in a liquid
    • Hematocrit (Packed Cell Volume, PCV): the percentage of red blood cells in the blood
    • Depends on the radius of the centrifuge, speed, and duration
    • Medical use of terminal velocity: in diseases such as rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, and gout, RBCs clump together, increasing sedimentation velocity, while in diseases such as hemolytic jaundice and sickle cell anemia, RBCs change or break, decreasing sedimentation velocity

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    Description

    Learn about the four fundamental forces in the human body, including gravitational, electrical, nuclear, and frictional forces. Understand how they impact our bodily functions and overall health.

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