Respiratory System: Lung Compliance and Elastic Forces

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What is the approximate compliance of the lungs alone when removed from the body at a pressure of 1 cmH2o?

0.1 liter

0.2 liter (correct)

0.5 liter

0.05 liter

What is the main factor limiting the expansibility of the lungs in the chest?

Collagen fibers

Rigid thoracic cage (correct)

Elastic forces of the lung tissue

Surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli

What happens to the elastin and collagen fibers when the lungs expand?

They become more stretched and unkinked (correct)

They are compressed

They remain in the same state

They become more kinked

What is the approximate difference in pressure required to expand air-filled lungs compared to saline solution-filled lungs?

Three times Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the difference in pressure required to expand air-filled lungs and saline solution-filled lungs?

Surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the state of the elastin and collagen fibers in deflated lungs?

Elastically contracted and kinked Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath in an adult male?

500 milliliters Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the volume of air remaining in the lungs after the most forceful expiration?

Residual volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical importance of the minimal air or volume?

It is used medico-legally in detecting whether a newly born dead baby had died before or after delivery Signup and view all the answers

At what conditions are pulmonary volumes and capacities expressed?

At body temperature, ambient pressure, and saturated with water vapor Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum extra volume of air that can be inspired over and above the normal tidal volume?

3000 milliliters Signup and view all the answers

Why is the inspiratory reserve volume usually equal to about 3000 milliliters?

Because it is the extra volume of air that can be inspired over and above the normal tidal volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased BPG in the blood on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve?

It shifts the curve to the right Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased 2-3 DPG in the red blood cells?

Decreased affinity of Hb to O2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does not increase 2-3 DPG synthesis?

Blood storage for long periods Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of 2-3 DPG in the adaptation to hypoxia?

It decreases the affinity of Hb to O2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high altitude on 2-3 DPG synthesis?

It increases 2-3 DPG synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the combination of 2-3 DPG with beta polypeptide chains of Hb A?

It converts Hb to the T form Signup and view all the answers

What can decrease the vital capacity (VC) in the recumbent position?

Pulmonary congestion Signup and view all the answers

Why is the vital capacity (VC) greater in athletes than in sedentary people?

Because of stronger respiratory muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for diseases that limit the lung or thoracic wall expansibility?

Restrictive lung diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of reduced lung elasticity in emphysema?

Decreased lung elasticity Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during expiration in obstructive lung diseases such as asthma?

Increased resistance to air flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the collection of air in the pleural sac?

Pneumothorax Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the decrease in oxygen partial pressure from 159 mm Hg in atmospheric air to 149 mm Hg in humidified air?

Dilution of oxygen by water vapor Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume of new air brought into the alveoli with each normal inspiration?

350 ml Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in atmospheric air?

78.62% Signup and view all the answers

What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in expired air?

40.0 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

Why does the alveolar air need to be exchanged multiple times?

Because the alveolar air is not fully exchanged with each breath Signup and view all the answers

What is the total partial pressure of the respiratory gases in the alveoli?

760.0 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers