Forces and Extension in Physics
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Forces and Extension in Physics

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Questions and Answers

What does Hooke's law describe?

  • The effect of gravity on objects
  • The relationship between force and the extension of an elastic object (correct)
  • The behavior of non-linear materials
  • The elastic limit of a material

    • An object will always return to its original shape after being deformed, regardless of the force applied.

    False

    What happens to a spring when a force exceeds its limit of proportionality?

    It will no longer follow Hooke's law and may become permanently deformed.

    The increase in length of an object, as a result of being pulled, is called __________.

    <p>extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Extension = Increase in length caused by a pulling force Compression = Shortening in length caused by a squeezing force Elastic Limit = Furthest point an object can stretch and still return to original shape Non-linear Extension = Deviation from linearity after the elastic limit is exceeded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best characterizes a spring with a high spring constant?

    <p>It is stiff and resists deformation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the force applied to an elastic object is doubled, the extension also doubles, as long as the elastic limit is not exceeded.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a material is stretched beyond its elastic limit, the resulting deformation is said to be __________.

    <p>inelastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate work done by a force?

    <p>Force × Distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in materials that are squashed, stretched, or twisted.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to elastic potential energy when a spring is compressed beyond its elastic limit?

    <p>It is not stored as elastic potential energy anymore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The increase in length of a spring due to pulling is called __________.

    <p>extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following spring constants with their respective elastic potential energy calculations:

    <p>3 N/m and 0.5 m = 0.375 J 80 N/m and 0.15 m = 0.180 J 10 N/m and 0.2 m = 0.2 J 15 N/m and 0.1 m = 0.075 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Forces and Extension

    • Forces can change the motion and shape of objects.
    • Extension is the increase in length of an object due to being pulled.
    • Compression is the decrease in length of an object due to being squeezed.
    • Hooke's Law describes the relationship between force and extension in elastic objects, such as springs.
    • The spring constant (k) is a measure of the stiffness of a spring.
    • The limit of proportionality is the point beyond which Hooke's Law no longer applies.
    • The higher the spring constant, the stiffer the spring.
    • Extension is directly proportional to the force applied, up to the limit of proportionality.
    • The elastic limit is the furthest point an object can be stretched or deformed while returning to its original shape.
    • Beyond the elastic limit, the deformation is inelastic, and the object doesn't return to its original shape.
    • The relationship between force and extension becomes non-linear after the elastic limit.
    • Materials like clay and putty exhibit significant non-linear extension.
    • Linear extension and elastic deformation occur below the limit of proportionality.
    • Non-linear extension and inelastic deformation occur above the limit of proportionality.
    • The elastic limit is also referred to as the limit of proportionality.
    • The gradient of a force-extension graph before the limit of proportionality represents the spring constant.

    Forces and Motion

    • Forces can change the motion of objects.
    • Multiple forces acting on an object can also change its shape.

    Work and Energy

    • Work is done when a force moves an object in the direction of the force.
    • Work done is calculated by multiplying the force by the distance moved in the direction of the force.
    • Energy transferred by a force is known as work.

    Springs

    • Springs store elastic potential energy when stretched or compressed.
    • This energy is equal to the work done in stretching or compressing the spring.

    Elastic Potential Energy

    • Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in materials that have been stretched, squashed, or twisted.
    • The elastic potential energy stored in a spring can be calculated using the equation: Elastic potential energy = 1/2 × spring constant × extension².
    • This equation applies to both stretching and compressing a spring.

    Spring Constant

    • The spring constant (k) is a measure of how stiff a spring is.
    • A higher spring constant means the spring is stiffer and requires more force to stretch or compress.

    Example Calculation

    • Spring stretched 50 cm:

      • Convert cm to meters: 50 cm = 0.5 m
      • Elastic potential energy = 1/2 × 3 N/m × (0.5 m)² = 0.375 J

    • Spring compressed 0.15 m:

      • Elastic potential energy = 1/2 × 80 N/m × (0.15 m)² = 0.9 J

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the concepts of forces and extension, including Hooke's Law and the behavior of elastic materials. Test your understanding of how forces affect the motion and shape of objects, and learn about the key principles of elasticity and spring constants. Discover the differences between elastic and inelastic deformation.

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