Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the talocrural joint?
What is the primary function of the talocrural joint?
- To provide stability to the ankle during inversion
- To connect the tibia and fibula at their distal ends
- To facilitate rotational movements of the foot
- To allow for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements (correct)
Which of the following accurately describes the shape of the talus in relation to the tibia and fibula during dorsiflexion?
Which of the following accurately describes the shape of the talus in relation to the tibia and fibula during dorsiflexion?
- The talus is wider posteriorly than it is anteriorly
- The talus becomes firmly wedged within the mortise (correct)
- The fibula is convex while the talus is concave
- The talus and the tibia are congruent in shape
What stabilizes the medial aspect of the talocrural joint?
What stabilizes the medial aspect of the talocrural joint?
- The tibio-fibular ligament
- The anterior talofibular ligament
- The deltoid ligament complex (correct)
- The interosseous membrane
Which movements are associated with the subtalar joint?
Which movements are associated with the subtalar joint?
What is a key structural difference between the medial and lateral malleolus?
What is a key structural difference between the medial and lateral malleolus?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the ankle joint?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the ankle joint?
What is the primary function of the foot during locomotion?
What is the primary function of the foot during locomotion?
Which of the following accurately describes the three sections of the foot?
Which of the following accurately describes the three sections of the foot?
In terms of movement, which injury is related to forced inversion of the ankle?
In terms of movement, which injury is related to forced inversion of the ankle?
What condition is characterized by the foot being in a pointed position at birth?
What condition is characterized by the foot being in a pointed position at birth?
What structure contributes to the stability of the ankle joint?
What structure contributes to the stability of the ankle joint?
Which of the following muscles primarily acts to dorsiflex the foot?
Which of the following muscles primarily acts to dorsiflex the foot?
Which of the following terms describes a position closest to the midline of the body?
Which of the following terms describes a position closest to the midline of the body?
What is the primary function of the calcaneofibular ligament?
What is the primary function of the calcaneofibular ligament?
What is true about the midfoot's movement capabilities?
What is true about the midfoot's movement capabilities?
Which digit of the forefoot is the largest and most critical for weight-bearing?
Which digit of the forefoot is the largest and most critical for weight-bearing?
What is the role of the intermediate cuneiform in the foot?
What is the role of the intermediate cuneiform in the foot?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three arches of the foot?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three arches of the foot?
What type of joints primarily make up the forefoot?
What type of joints primarily make up the forefoot?
Which condition is also known as clubfoot?
Which condition is also known as clubfoot?
What mechanism primarily provides stability to the interphalangeal joints of the forefoot?
What mechanism primarily provides stability to the interphalangeal joints of the forefoot?
Flashcards
Hindfoot Function
Hindfoot Function
The hindfoot provides stability and propels the body forward during movement.
Talocrural Joint
Talocrural Joint
The ankle joint, formed by the tibia, fibula, and talus.
Distal Tibiofibular Joint
Distal Tibiofibular Joint
Connection between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula.
Subtalar Joint
Subtalar Joint
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Deltoid Ligament
Deltoid Ligament
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Lateral Ankle Ligaments
Lateral Ankle Ligaments
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Midfoot Bones
Midfoot Bones
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Forefoot Bones
Forefoot Bones
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Medial Digit
Medial Digit
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Foot Arches
Foot Arches
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Lateral Malleolus
Lateral Malleolus
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Plantarflexion Muscles
Plantarflexion Muscles
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Dorsiflexion Muscles
Dorsiflexion Muscles
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Metatarsophalean Joints
Metatarsophalean Joints
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Foot Arches Keystones
Foot Arches Keystones
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Study Notes
Foot and Ankle Anatomy
- The foot provides a stable platform, attenuates impact loading and propels the body forward.
- The foot is made up of three sections: the hindfoot, the midfoot, and the forefoot.
Hindfoot
- The talocrural joint is also known as the ankle joint and it is made up of the fibula, tibia and talus.
- The distal ends of the fibula and tibia are concave, while the dome of the talus is convex.
- Distal tibiofibular joint is connected via the tibiofibular ligament anteriorly and posteriorly.
- The syndesmosis (interosseous membrane) runs the length of the tibial and fibular shafts and stabilizes the bones.
- The subtalar joint is the articulation of the talus and calcaneus.
- The medial aspect of the talocrural joint is stabilized by the deltoid ligament complex, which resists subtalar eversion.
- The lateral aspect is stabilized by the anterior talofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament, and calcaneofibular ligament.
- The lateral malleolus extends further distally than the medial malleolus, so forced eversion injuries are less common than forced inversion injuries.
Midfoot
- The midfoot contains the navicular, cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, and lateral), and cuboid bones.
- It makes up slightly more than 1/6 of the foot's overall length.
- Little movement occurs within the midfoot articulations.
Forefoot
- The forefoot represents the remaining 1/2 of the foot's length.
- It is composed of 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges.
- The forefoot articulations are hinge or modified hinge joints.
- The medial digit (1st) is the largest and most important for weight-bearing and push-off.
- The middle (3rd) digit represents the stable central column.
- The lateral two digits (4th & 5th) are more capable of movement.
Muscles of the ankle
- Muscles that plantarflex: Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Peroneus longus, Peroneus brevis
- Muscles that dorsiflex: Tibialis anterior, Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor hallucis longus, Peroneus tertius
Arches of the foot
- The three arches are the medial longitudinal arch, the lateral longitudinal arch, and the transverse arch.
- The arches provide shock absorption during locomotion and help to distribute load across the foot.
- The medial longitudinal arch's keystone is the talus.
- The lateral longitudinal arch's keystone is the calcaneus.
- The transverse arch is formed by the distal row of tarsal bones and the metatarsal bases. The intermediate cuneiform is the keystone.
Muscles of the foot
- The metatarsalphalangeal joints permit extension, flexion, abduction, and adduction of the toes.
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