Foot and Ankle Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of joint is the talocrural joint?

Fibrous joint

Synovial hinge joint (correct)

Synovial ball-and-socket joint

Cartilaginous joint

Which ligament is NOT part of the lateral ligament complex stabilizing the talocrural joint?

Calcanofibular ligament

Anterior talofibular ligament

Posterior talofibular ligament

Talocalcaneal ligament (correct)

In which movement does the dome of the talus become firmly wedged within the mortise?

Eversion

Dorsiflexion (correct)

Inversion

Plantarflexion

Which surfaces articulate to form the subtalar joint?

Inferior surface of the calcaneus and superior surface of the talus Signup and view all the answers

What injury is less common due to the anatomical structure of the malleoli?

Forced eversion injuries Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is responsible for resisting excessive subtalar inversion?

Calcaneofibular ligament Signup and view all the answers

What structure makes up slightly more than one sixth of the overall length of the foot?

Midfoot Signup and view all the answers

Which arches of the foot are responsible for shock absorption during locomotion?

All three arches Signup and view all the answers

Which digit of the forefoot is the largest and most important for weight-bearing?

1st digit Signup and view all the answers

What is the keystone of the transverse arch?

Intermediate cuneiform Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the movements of the metatarsalphalangeal joints is incorrect?

They enable complete rotation of the toes. Signup and view all the answers

The stability of the forefoot articulations mainly comes from which of the following?

Medial and lateral ligaments Signup and view all the answers

What type of joints are primarily found in the forefoot?

Modified hinge joints Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the ankle joint (talocrural joint)?

Calcaneus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the foot?

To assist in efficient forward propulsion Signup and view all the answers

What are the three sections of the foot?

Hindfoot, Midfoot, Forefoot Signup and view all the answers

Which injury is associated with forced inversion of the ankle?

Inversion sprain Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by a deformity of the foot during early development?

Clubfoot Signup and view all the answers

Which structure primarily stabilizes the ankle joint?

Lateral ligaments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

Gastrocnemius Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of tendons and ligaments in the arches of the foot during standing?

They maintain the structural integrity of the arch Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Foot & Ankle Anatomy

The foot & ankle are composed of three sections: hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot.
The primary functions of the foot are to provide a stable platform of support, attenuate impact loading, and assist in the efficient forward propulsion of the body.

Talocrural Joint

The ankle joint, or talocrural joint, is made up of the tibia, fibula, and talus.
The articular surfaces of the talocrural joint are the distal end of the fibula (lateral malleolus), distal end of the tibia (medial malleolus and tibial plafond), and dome of the talus.
The talocrural joint is a synovial hinge joint that permits one degree of movement — dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.

Distal Tib-Fib Joint

The distal tibiofibular joint is where the tibia and fibula connect.
The joint is stabilized by the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments, and the interosseous membrane or syndesmosis.

Subtalar Joint

The subtalar joint is an articulation between the talus and calcaneus.
The articular surfaces of the subtalar joint are the inferior surface of the talus and the superior surface of the calcaneus.
The subtalar joint allows for two movements: inversion and eversion.

Medial Ligaments

The medial aspect of the talocrural joint is stabilized by the Deltoid ligament complex.
The complex resists excessive subtalar eversion.

Lateral Ligaments

The lateral aspect of the talocrural joint is stabilized by the anterior talofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament, and calcaneofibular ligament.
The ligaments resist excessive subtalar inversion.

Mid-Tarsal Joints

The midfoot contains the navicular, cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, and lateral), and cuboid bone.
Little movement occurs within the midfoot articulations.

Forefoot

The forefoot is composed of the 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges.
The articulations of the forefoot are hinge / modified hinge joints.
The digits can be numbered and divided into three columns.
The medial digit is the largest and plays a crucial role in weight-bearing and push-off activity.

Hallux Valgus

Hallux valgus is a condition of the big toe where the toe drifts away from the mid-line of the body.

Arches of the Foot

There are three arches of the foot: medial longitudinal arch, lateral longitudinal arch, and transverse arch.
The arches provide shock absorption during locomotion and distribute load across the foot.

Muscles of the Ankle

Muscles responsible for plantarflexion: gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis.
Muscles responsible for dorsiflexion: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius.

Movements of the Toes

The metatarsalphalangeal joints permit extension, flexion, abduction, and adduction.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the foot and ankle, including the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot. Explore the details of the talocrural joint, distal tibiofibular joint, and subtalar joint in this informative quiz.