Podcast
Questions and Answers
The ankle joint's actions include inversion and eversion.
The ankle joint's actions include inversion and eversion.
True
The arches of the foot do not include any supporting ligaments or tendons.
The arches of the foot do not include any supporting ligaments or tendons.
False
The long and short saphenous veins are part of the lower limb anatomy.
The long and short saphenous veins are part of the lower limb anatomy.
True
Radiological imaging is not relevant for assessing ankle joints.
Radiological imaging is not relevant for assessing ankle joints.
Signup and view all the answers
The surface anatomy of the peripheral pulses in the lower limb can be examined.
The surface anatomy of the peripheral pulses in the lower limb can be examined.
Signup and view all the answers
The saphenous vein is part of the vascular supply of the foot.
The saphenous vein is part of the vascular supply of the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
The plantar arch supplies blood to the dorsal aspect of the foot.
The plantar arch supplies blood to the dorsal aspect of the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
Radiological imaging is important for interpreting conditions of the ankle joint.
Radiological imaging is important for interpreting conditions of the ankle joint.
Signup and view all the answers
The lower limb does not have identifiable peripheral pulses.
The lower limb does not have identifiable peripheral pulses.
Signup and view all the answers
Abrahams, Peter H. is a recommended author for studying human anatomy.
Abrahams, Peter H. is a recommended author for studying human anatomy.
Signup and view all the answers
The foot is made up of 7 tarsal bones.
The foot is made up of 7 tarsal bones.
Signup and view all the answers
There are 5 metatarsal bones in the foot.
There are 5 metatarsal bones in the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
The ankle joint is a hinge joint involving the talus and the femur.
The ankle joint is a hinge joint involving the talus and the femur.
Signup and view all the answers
The foot has a total of 14 phalanges.
The foot has a total of 14 phalanges.
Signup and view all the answers
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are movements allowed by the ankle joint.
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are movements allowed by the ankle joint.
Signup and view all the answers
A pilon fracture is caused by high axial forces such as falling from a great height.
A pilon fracture is caused by high axial forces such as falling from a great height.
Signup and view all the answers
The subtalar joint is responsible for plantarfexion of the foot.
The subtalar joint is responsible for plantarfexion of the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
Inversion of the foot involves directing the sole laterally.
Inversion of the foot involves directing the sole laterally.
Signup and view all the answers
The tarsal tunnel is located on the lateral side of the ankle.
The tarsal tunnel is located on the lateral side of the ankle.
Signup and view all the answers
The bones of the foot lie in a horizontal plane.
The bones of the foot lie in a horizontal plane.
Signup and view all the answers
The Medial Plantar Nerve supplies the nail beds and tips of the lateral three and one-half toes.
The Medial Plantar Nerve supplies the nail beds and tips of the lateral three and one-half toes.
Signup and view all the answers
The Lateral Plantar Nerve is responsible for motor branches to muscles in the sole of the foot.
The Lateral Plantar Nerve is responsible for motor branches to muscles in the sole of the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
The posterior tibial artery divides into the Medial Plantar Artery and the Lateral Plantar Artery.
The posterior tibial artery divides into the Medial Plantar Artery and the Lateral Plantar Artery.
Signup and view all the answers
The Lateral Plantar Artery is smaller and supplies the medial side of the big toe.
The Lateral Plantar Artery is smaller and supplies the medial side of the big toe.
Signup and view all the answers
Digital arteries to the toes are supplied by branches from the dorsalis pedis artery.
Digital arteries to the toes are supplied by branches from the dorsalis pedis artery.
Signup and view all the answers
The veins accompanying the arteries are referred to as the Medial and Lateral Plantar veins.
The veins accompanying the arteries are referred to as the Medial and Lateral Plantar veins.
Signup and view all the answers
The Sural nerve is not mentioned as a part of the structures associated with the posterior tibial artery.
The Sural nerve is not mentioned as a part of the structures associated with the posterior tibial artery.
Signup and view all the answers
The Midinguinal point is located midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis.
The Midinguinal point is located midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis.
Signup and view all the answers
The small saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein.
The small saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein.
Signup and view all the answers
The great saphenous vein passes anterior to the medial malleolus.
The great saphenous vein passes anterior to the medial malleolus.
Signup and view all the answers
Deep veins of the leg drain into the femoral vein.
Deep veins of the leg drain into the femoral vein.
Signup and view all the answers
The femoral vein becomes the external iliac when it passes underneath the inguinal ligament.
The femoral vein becomes the external iliac when it passes underneath the inguinal ligament.
Signup and view all the answers
The tibial nerve branches off from the common fibular nerve.
The tibial nerve branches off from the common fibular nerve.
Signup and view all the answers
The sural nerve is formed from branches of the tibial nerve.
The sural nerve is formed from branches of the tibial nerve.
Signup and view all the answers
Perforating veins connect superficial veins with deep veins.
Perforating veins connect superficial veins with deep veins.
Signup and view all the answers
The popliteal vein becomes the femoral vein after passing into the adductor hiatus.
The popliteal vein becomes the femoral vein after passing into the adductor hiatus.
Signup and view all the answers
The common fibular nerve is part of the lumbar plexus.
The common fibular nerve is part of the lumbar plexus.
Signup and view all the answers
The deep veins of the lower limb accompany arteries.
The deep veins of the lower limb accompany arteries.
Signup and view all the answers
The ankle joint primarily functions as a ball-and-socket joint.
The ankle joint primarily functions as a ball-and-socket joint.
Signup and view all the answers
The lateral collateral ligament of the ankle provides support against inversion injuries.
The lateral collateral ligament of the ankle provides support against inversion injuries.
Signup and view all the answers
The tarsal tunnel contains the tendons of the long flexor muscles along with the posterior tibial artery and nerve.
The tarsal tunnel contains the tendons of the long flexor muscles along with the posterior tibial artery and nerve.
Signup and view all the answers
The arches of the foot do not play a role in shock absorption during walking.
The arches of the foot do not play a role in shock absorption during walking.
Signup and view all the answers
The plantar arch primarily supplies blood to the ventral aspect of the foot.
The plantar arch primarily supplies blood to the ventral aspect of the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
Inversion of the foot involves moving the sole of the foot laterally away from the midline.
Inversion of the foot involves moving the sole of the foot laterally away from the midline.
Signup and view all the answers
The great saphenous vein is the longest vein in the body and typically drains into the popliteal vein.
The great saphenous vein is the longest vein in the body and typically drains into the popliteal vein.
Signup and view all the answers
The deep veins of the leg always run alongside the superficial veins.
The deep veins of the leg always run alongside the superficial veins.
Signup and view all the answers
The lateral plantar artery supplies blood to the lateral side of the foot including the fourth and fifth toes.
The lateral plantar artery supplies blood to the lateral side of the foot including the fourth and fifth toes.
Signup and view all the answers
The subtalar joint is primarily responsible for inversion and eversion of the foot.
The subtalar joint is primarily responsible for inversion and eversion of the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
A pilon fracture usually occurs due to low axial forces, such as minor falls.
A pilon fracture usually occurs due to low axial forces, such as minor falls.
Signup and view all the answers
The ankle joint is a synovial joint involving the talus, tibia, and fibula.
The ankle joint is a synovial joint involving the talus, tibia, and fibula.
Signup and view all the answers
The foot consists of 12 tarsal bones.
The foot consists of 12 tarsal bones.
Signup and view all the answers
Dorsiflexion involves moving the top of the foot away from the leg.
Dorsiflexion involves moving the top of the foot away from the leg.
Signup and view all the answers
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are the only movements allowed by the ankle joint.
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are the only movements allowed by the ankle joint.
Signup and view all the answers
The bones of the foot form both longitudinal and transverse arches, not lying in a horizontal plane.
The bones of the foot form both longitudinal and transverse arches, not lying in a horizontal plane.
Signup and view all the answers
Phalanges in the foot are categorized into three types for each digit except for digit 1.
Phalanges in the foot are categorized into three types for each digit except for digit 1.
Signup and view all the answers
The cuboid bone is one of the tarsal bones located on the medial side of the foot.
The cuboid bone is one of the tarsal bones located on the medial side of the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
The anterior talofibular ligament is injured first during an inversion sprain.
The anterior talofibular ligament is injured first during an inversion sprain.
Signup and view all the answers
The medial ligament of the ankle is composed of three separate ligaments.
The medial ligament of the ankle is composed of three separate ligaments.
Signup and view all the answers
Ankle sprains can occur from stepping on uneven surfaces.
Ankle sprains can occur from stepping on uneven surfaces.
Signup and view all the answers
Pott’s fracture occurs when the foot is forcibly inverted.
Pott’s fracture occurs when the foot is forcibly inverted.
Signup and view all the answers
The calcaneofibular ligament is part of the medial ligaments of the ankle.
The calcaneofibular ligament is part of the medial ligaments of the ankle.
Signup and view all the answers
Eversion sprains are more likely to occur than inversion sprains.
Eversion sprains are more likely to occur than inversion sprains.
Signup and view all the answers
The ankle joint is more stable in dorsiflexion compared to plantarflexion.
The ankle joint is more stable in dorsiflexion compared to plantarflexion.
Signup and view all the answers
The deltoid ligament of the ankle attaches to the lateral malleolus.
The deltoid ligament of the ankle attaches to the lateral malleolus.
Signup and view all the answers
The Medial Plantar Nerve supplies the medial side of the big toe.
The Medial Plantar Nerve supplies the medial side of the big toe.
Signup and view all the answers
The digital arteries to the toes arise from the Medial Plantar Artery.
The digital arteries to the toes arise from the Medial Plantar Artery.
Signup and view all the answers
Veins accompany arteries, and the Medial and Lateral Plantar veins are examples of this.
Veins accompany arteries, and the Medial and Lateral Plantar veins are examples of this.
Signup and view all the answers
The posterior tibial artery does not divide into the Medial and Lateral Plantar Arteries.
The posterior tibial artery does not divide into the Medial and Lateral Plantar Arteries.
Signup and view all the answers
The Midinguinal point is located midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the ischial tuberosity.
The Midinguinal point is located midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the ischial tuberosity.
Signup and view all the answers
The Lateral Plantar Nerve is cutaneous to the lateral one and one-half toes.
The Lateral Plantar Nerve is cutaneous to the lateral one and one-half toes.
Signup and view all the answers
The Surreal nerve does not accompany any arteries in the lower limb.
The Surreal nerve does not accompany any arteries in the lower limb.
Signup and view all the answers
The lateral collateral ligament of the ankle restricts movement during eversion injuries.
The lateral collateral ligament of the ankle restricts movement during eversion injuries.
Signup and view all the answers
The tarsal tunnel is located medially and contains the posterior tibial artery and nerve.
The tarsal tunnel is located medially and contains the posterior tibial artery and nerve.
Signup and view all the answers
Digital arteries of the toes are exclusively supplied by the anterior tibial artery.
Digital arteries of the toes are exclusively supplied by the anterior tibial artery.
Signup and view all the answers
The foot's arches primarily serve to enhance rigidity for force transmission during movement.
The foot's arches primarily serve to enhance rigidity for force transmission during movement.
Signup and view all the answers
The subtalar joint primarily facilitates dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot.
The subtalar joint primarily facilitates dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
The ankle joint allows for hinge-like movements of dorsi- and plantarflexion.
The ankle joint allows for hinge-like movements of dorsi- and plantarflexion.
Signup and view all the answers
Plantarfexion is primarily controlled by the subtalar joint.
Plantarfexion is primarily controlled by the subtalar joint.
Signup and view all the answers
The tarsal bones include both the cuboid and calcaneus.
The tarsal bones include both the cuboid and calcaneus.
Signup and view all the answers
The ankle joint does not involve any of the leg's bones.
The ankle joint does not involve any of the leg's bones.
Signup and view all the answers
The vascular supply of the sole of the foot is largely provided by the plantar arch.
The vascular supply of the sole of the foot is largely provided by the plantar arch.
Signup and view all the answers
The medial plantar nerve innervates the majority of the intrinsic muscles of the foot.
The medial plantar nerve innervates the majority of the intrinsic muscles of the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
The great saphenous vein traverses posterior to the medial malleolus.
The great saphenous vein traverses posterior to the medial malleolus.
Signup and view all the answers
The talocalcaneonavicular joint is involved in dorsiflexion of the foot.
The talocalcaneonavicular joint is involved in dorsiflexion of the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
Tarsal joints allow for both inversion and eversion movements.
Tarsal joints allow for both inversion and eversion movements.
Signup and view all the answers
The subtalar joint allows for dorsi- and plantar flexion of the foot.
The subtalar joint allows for dorsi- and plantar flexion of the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
A pilon fracture involves a single fracture of the fibula due to low axillary forces.
A pilon fracture involves a single fracture of the fibula due to low axillary forces.
Signup and view all the answers
Radiological imaging is essential for accurately interpreting fractures in the ankle joint.
Radiological imaging is essential for accurately interpreting fractures in the ankle joint.
Signup and view all the answers
The Tarsal tunnel contains tendons of the long flexor muscles and is located on the medial side of the ankle.
The Tarsal tunnel contains tendons of the long flexor muscles and is located on the medial side of the ankle.
Signup and view all the answers
Eversion of the foot involves the medial movement of the foot's sole away from the midline.
Eversion of the foot involves the medial movement of the foot's sole away from the midline.
Signup and view all the answers
The transverse arch does not include the cuboid bone.
The transverse arch does not include the cuboid bone.
Signup and view all the answers
The plantar aponeurosis plays no role in maintaining the arches of the foot.
The plantar aponeurosis plays no role in maintaining the arches of the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
The medial part of the longitudinal arch only involves the calcaneus and the cuboid.
The medial part of the longitudinal arch only involves the calcaneus and the cuboid.
Signup and view all the answers
The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament is also known as the short plantar ligament.
The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament is also known as the short plantar ligament.
Signup and view all the answers
The lateral plantar nerve supplies sensory innervation to the medial side of the foot.
The lateral plantar nerve supplies sensory innervation to the medial side of the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
The sole of the foot is organized into three layers of muscles.
The sole of the foot is organized into three layers of muscles.
Signup and view all the answers
The longitudinal arch's lateral part includes the calcaneus, cuboid, and proximal ends of the fourth and fifth metatarsals.
The longitudinal arch's lateral part includes the calcaneus, cuboid, and proximal ends of the fourth and fifth metatarsals.
Signup and view all the answers
The deep fascia in the sole of the foot does not thicken to form structures supporting the foot's arches.
The deep fascia in the sole of the foot does not thicken to form structures supporting the foot's arches.
Signup and view all the answers
The Lateral Plantar Nerve provides cutaneous sensation to the medial three and one-half toes.
The Lateral Plantar Nerve provides cutaneous sensation to the medial three and one-half toes.
Signup and view all the answers
The Medial Plantar Artery is larger and supplies blood to the lateral side of the big toe.
The Medial Plantar Artery is larger and supplies blood to the lateral side of the big toe.
Signup and view all the answers
The digital arteries to the toes are supplied by the Medial Plantar Artery.
The digital arteries to the toes are supplied by the Medial Plantar Artery.
Signup and view all the answers
The posterior tibial artery forms the deep plantar arch after passing deep to the muscles of the sole of the foot.
The posterior tibial artery forms the deep plantar arch after passing deep to the muscles of the sole of the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
The medial and lateral plantar veins contain no valves.
The medial and lateral plantar veins contain no valves.
Signup and view all the answers
The sural nerve is a continuation of the femoral nerve.
The sural nerve is a continuation of the femoral nerve.
Signup and view all the answers
The Midinguinal point is located midway between the pubic symphysis and the medial malleolus.
The Midinguinal point is located midway between the pubic symphysis and the medial malleolus.
Signup and view all the answers
The deep plantar arch primarily supplies blood to the dorsal aspect of the foot.
The deep plantar arch primarily supplies blood to the dorsal aspect of the foot.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Ankle, Foot, Peripheral Pulses and Venous Drainage of the Lower Limb
- The foot is composed of: 7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsal bones, and 14 phalanges.
- The ankle joint is a synovial joint involving the talus of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula.
- The ankle allows hinge-like dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.
- The articular surface is covered by hyaline cartilage; the talus is wider anteriorly than posteriorly, contributing to stability during dorsiflexion. Medial and lateral ligaments stabilize the joint.
- The lateral ligament of the ankle consists of three separate ligaments: anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, and posterior talofibular ligaments.
- The medial (deltoid) ligament is strong, large, and triangular, composed of four separate ligaments.
- Ankle sprains occur when ankle ligaments are stretched (but not ruptured), ranging from mild to severe. Inversion sprains are more common, stretching lateral ligaments (anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, and posterior talofibular). Eversion sprains are less common.
- Pott's fracture-bimalleolar ankle fracture involves the forcible eversion of the foot, pulling on the medial malleolus. The talus moves laterally, causing fractures of the lateral malleolus and possibly the fibula superior to the inferior tibiofibular joint.
- Pilon fracture involves multiple fractures of the tibia, often from high axial forces. Fixation is usually required.
- Tarsal joints include the subtalar (allows gliding and rotation, crucial for inversion), talocalcaneonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints; midtarsal/inter/transverse tarsal joint (combined talocalcaneonavicular and calcaneocuboid). Movement includes inversion and eversion.
- The tarsal tunnel is between the tarsal bones and the flexor retinaculum on the medial side of the ankle.
- Movements at the ankle include dorsiflexion (moving the top of the foot toward the leg), plantarflexion (moving the sole of the foot away from the leg), inversion (directing the sole of the foot medially), and eversion (directing the sole of the foot laterally).
- The arches of the foot (longitudinal and transverse) absorb and distribute weight, with the medial longitudinal arch involving the calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms, and the first three metatarsals; the lateral part involves the calcaneus, cuboid, and the last two metatarsals. The transverse arch connects the tarsals and metatarsals. These arches are maintained by ligaments and muscles.
- The plantar ligaments(calcaneocuboid, calcaneonavicular) are strong and crucial for maintaining the arches of the foot, particularly the medial longitudinal arch.
- The sole of the foot has thick skin, plantar fascia, and plantar nerves. Plantar fascia divides into slips which encircle flexor muscles. This structure is important for supporting the foot's arches.
- Peripheral pulses assessed at the midinguinal point, behind the medial malleolus, and using Doppler ultrasound.
- Superficial veins include the small saphenous vein (lateral side of dorsal venous arch) and the great saphenous vein (medial side of dorsal venous arch). Both drain into the popliteal and femoral veins, respectively. Deep veins accompany arteries. Perforating veins connect deep and superficial veins in the leg.
- Nerves include tibial, common fibular, superficial fibular, deep fibular, and saphenous branches; crucial for sensation, movement, and reflexes in the lower limb. Nerves originate primarily from the sacral plexus.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the ankle and foot, including bones, joints, and ligaments. This quiz covers the structural composition, functionalities, and common injuries related to the lower limb. Enhance your understanding of peripheral pulses and venous drainage as well.
