Foot Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the joint formed between the first digit and the proximal phalanx?

  • Distal interphalangeal (DIP)
  • Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) (correct)
  • Tarsometatarsal (TMT)
  • Proximal interphalangeal (PIP)

Which sesamoid bones are commonly found at the head of the first metatarsal?

  • Fibular and tibial sesamoids (correct)
  • Only the patella
  • Tarsal sesamoids
  • Only the tibial sesamoid

What is the primary purpose of identifying the joints of the digits in the foot?

  • To improve joint fluid range
  • To locate potential fractures (correct)
  • To prevent joint stiffness
  • To enhance range of motion

Which joint is located at the base of the metatarsal?

<p>Tarsometatarsal (TMT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What imaging technique is often required to diagnose fractures of sesamoid bones?

<p>Tangential projections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many phalanges are present in the foot?

<p>14 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metatarsal is known for having a prominent tuberosity at its base?

<p>Fifth metatarsal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many metatarsals are found in the foot?

<p>5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction of foot phalanges compared to hand phalanges?

<p>Foot phalanges have less movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is NOT a category of bones in the foot?

<p>Carpals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tarsal bone is commonly referred to as the heel bone?

<p>Calcaneus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sustentaculum tali?

<p>To provide medial support for weight-bearing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tarsal bones articulates with the tibia?

<p>Talus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the arches of the foot?

<p>Providing shock absorption and support for body weight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the longitudinal arch?

<p>Transverse component (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the calcaneus often becomes a site for bone spurs?

<p>Tuberosity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone primarily comprises the transverse arch?

<p>Cuneiform bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two bones does the talus articulate with inferiorly?

<p>Calcaneus and navicular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the cuboid bone in relation to the calcaneus?

<p>Distal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the deep depression between the posterior and middle articular facets of the calcaneus?

<p>Sinus tarsi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cuneiform articulates laterally with the intermediate cuneiform?

<p>Medial Cuneiform (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tarsal bones make up the cuneiforms?

<p>First, second, and third cuneiforms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the calcaneus during weight bearing?

<p>Transmitting body weight to the ground (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following articulates with the fourth and fifth metatarsals?

<p>Cuboid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The intermediate cuneiform articulates with how many metatarsals?

<p>Two (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone articulates with the largest cuneiform?

<p>First Metatarsal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones form the ankle joint?

<p>Tibia, fibula, and talus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct position for viewing the mortise of the ankle joint?

<p>AP oblique projection at 15° internally rotated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a true lateral view of the ankle joint, where is the lateral malleolus located relative to the medial malleolus?

<p>1 cm posterior to the medial malleolus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the ankle joint classified as?

<p>Synovial saddle joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during stress views of the ankle joint?

<p>Widening of the mortise space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure is visible in the lateral view of the left foot?

<p>Calcaneus (B), Talus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary angle at which the AP right ankle mortise view is taken?

<p>15 degrees medial oblique (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the AP medial oblique view of the right foot, which structure is expected to be labeled?

<p>Cuboid (A), Navicular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is not typically visible in the lateral right ankle image?

<p>Fifth metatarsal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily featured in the lateral left foot image?

<p>Talus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure rests between the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia?

<p>Intercondylar Eminence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the tibia is known for being easily identified under the skin?

<p>Anterior Crest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the tibial tuberosity serve as an attachment point?

<p>Patellar tendon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the enlarged distal end of the fibula called?

<p>Lateral Malleolus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the tibial plateau?

<p>The upper articular surface of the tibial condyles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape is the medial malleolus described as?

<p>Short and pyramid-shaped (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure articulates with the distal fibula?

<p>Fibular Notch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia at the fibula's proximal extremity?

<p>Fibular Head (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the position of the patella in relation to the knee joint when the lower leg is fully extended?

<p>It is 1.25 cm proximal to the knee joint. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the smooth, shallow depression under the patella?

<p>Trochlear groove (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle from vertical for the femoral shaft when the distal femoral condyles are parallel to the floor in an erect position?

<p>10° (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condyle of the femur extends lower or more distally?

<p>Medial condyle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the adductor tubercle located on the femur?

<p>On the medial condyle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the intercondylar fossa?

<p>To separate the medial and lateral condyles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the medial and lateral epicondyles?

<p>They are rough prominences for ligament attachment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the position of the patella as the leg flexes?

<p>It moves distally over the patellar surface. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship of the femoral shaft angle in individuals of shorter stature?

<p>It is greater than average. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical feature is best observed on a slightly rotated lateral view of the distal femur?

<p>Adductor tubercle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the collateral ligaments in the knee?

<p>Preventing adduction and abduction movements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure functions as shock absorbers in the knee joint?

<p>Menisci (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the patellar ligament?

<p>Joining the patella to the tibial tuberosity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bursa is located directly below the patella?

<p>Infrapatellar bursa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which kinds of activities are knee ligament and meniscus injuries most likely to occur?

<p>Skiing and basketball (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of imaging technique is commonly used to visualize soft tissue structures in the knee?

<p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the cruciate ligaments attach in relation to the tibia?

<p>To the intercondylar eminence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the medial and lateral menisci?

<p>They taper to a thinner center and absorb shock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is the patella classified as?

<p>Sesamoid bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What movement occurs to the patella during a flexion of the knee?

<p>It moves downward and inward (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the popliteal surface located?

<p>Proximal to the intercondylar fossa on the femur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape and approximate size of the patella?

<p>Flat and triangular, about 2 inches in diameter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament does NOT extend from the femur to any part of the knee joint?

<p>Fibular collateral ligament (LCL) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which components primarily contribute to the stability of the knee joint?

<p>ACL and PCL ligaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In relation to the femur, how does the patella behave during muscle contraction?

<p>It moves closer to the femur and locks into position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the patella in relation to the quadriceps muscle?

<p>It acts as a pivot to increase leverage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What features are typically seen on the outermost tips of the large medial and lateral condyles of the femur?

<p>Rough prominences called epicondyles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is formed between the condyles of the femur and the corresponding condyles of the tibia?

<p>Femorotibial joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Foot Phalanges

14 bones in the toes; each toe (except the big toe) has 2 phalanges; similar to hand phalanges but smaller.

Metatarsals

5 long bones in the instep of the foot, numbered 1 to 5.

Metatarsal Head

Rounded end of each metatarsal.

Fifth Metatarsal Tuberosity

Prominent bony bump on the base of the 5th metatarsal; common injury site.

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Foot Tarsals

Bones in the ankle-foot region not specified in this particular section.

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Interphalangeal (IP) joint

Joint between phalanges (toe bones) in the foot

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Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint

Joint connecting metatarsals and phalanges in the foot

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Sesamoid bones

Small, detached bones in tendons near joints (e.g., feet, hands)

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Tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint

Joint at the base of each metatarsal

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Central ray (CR) location for AP and oblique foot projections

Third tarsometatarsal joint is the standard location for X-ray images of the foot

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Ankle Joint Bones

The ankle joint is formed by the tibia, fibula, and talus bones.

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Mortise

The 'socket' formed by the distal tibia and fibula, where the talus fits.

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Lateral Malleolus

The distal end of the fibula, located on the outer side of the ankle.

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Medial Malleolus

The distal end of the tibia, located on the inner side of the ankle.

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Ankle Joint Movement

The ankle joint is a synovial saddle joint, allowing for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion.

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Tarsal bones

The seven bones in the proximal part of the foot.

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Calcaneus

Largest & strongest foot bone (the heel bone).

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Talus

Second largest tarsal bone; between lower leg & calcaneus.

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Calcaneal tuberosity

A bony process on the calcaneus; common site of bone spurs.

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Subtalar joint articulations

The joint where the calcaneus and talus connect; crucial for weight transmission.

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Tarsal sinus

Opening between depressions in talus and calcaneus; ligaments pass through.

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Navicular (scaphoid)

One of the seven tarsal bones, anterior to the talus.

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Cuboid

Tarsal bone; articulates with calcaneus and navicular.

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Longitudinal Arch

The arch that runs along the length of the foot, composed of medial and lateral components, providing shock absorption and support.

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Transverse Arch

The arch that runs across the foot, located on the plantar surface of the distal tarsals and tarsometatarsal joints, mainly formed by cuneiform bones.

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What are the cuneiforms?

Three wedge-shaped bones located on the medial and mid-aspects of the foot, articulating with the navicular proximally and the first three metatarsals distally.

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Medial Cuneiform

The largest cuneiform, articulating with the navicular proximally, the first and second metatarsals distally, and the intermediate cuneiform laterally.

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Intermediate Cuneiform

The smaller cuneiform, articulating with the navicular proximally, the second metatarsal distally, and the medial and lateral cuneiforms on each side.

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Lateral Cuneiform

The smallest cuneiform, articulating with the navicular proximally, the third and fourth metatarsals distally, the intermediate cuneiform medially and the cuboid laterally.

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Articulation

The point where two bones meet, allowing for movement and flexibility.

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Lateral Foot X-Ray

A radiographic image of the foot taken from the side, showing the bones and joints of the foot in profile.

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AP Medial Oblique Foot X-Ray

An X-ray of the foot taken from the front, with the foot angled inward, providing a view of the bones on the inside of the foot.

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Mortise Joint

Specialized ankle joint formed by the tibia, fibula, and talus bones.

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Sinus Tarsi

Narrow space between the talus and calcaneus bones, visible in lateral ankle X-rays.

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Tibia

The larger, weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It's located medially, meaning on the inside of the leg, when standing.

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Fibula

The smaller, thinner bone of the lower leg. It's located laterally, meaning on the outside of the leg, when standing.

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Proximal Tibia

The top end of the tibia, where it connects to the femur (thighbone).

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Tibial Plateau

The top surface of the tibia where it meets the femur in the knee joint. It has two smooth articular facets.

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Tibial Tuberosity

A rough, bony bump on the front of the shinbone where the patellar tendon attaches.

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Intercondylar Eminence

A ridge on the top of the tibia, between the medial and lateral condyles. It's a significant landmark for knee stability.

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Collateral Ligaments

Strong bands on the sides of the knee, preventing adduction and abduction movements.

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Cruciate Ligaments

Strong, rounded cords that cross each other, stabilizing the knee joint by preventing anterior or posterior movement. They attach to the respective anterior and posterior aspects of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia.

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Patellar Ligament

Located in the front of the knee, part of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, running from the patella to the tibial tuberosity.

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Articular Cavity

Largest joint space in the human body, enclosed in an articular capsule (bursa). Filled with synovial fluid.

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Medial and Lateral Menisci

Crescent-shaped fibrocartilage disks between the tibial plateau and femoral condyles. They're thicker at the outer margins, tapering to a thinner center. They function as shock absorbers.

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Knee Trauma

Injuries to the knee, such as tears of the medial collateral ligament (MCL), Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and medial meniscus often occur in activities like skiing, snowboarding, football, and basketball.

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What imaging techniques are used to diagnose knee trauma?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and knee arthrography are used to visualize soft tissue structures and diagnose such injuries or to verify suspected trauma.

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Patellar Surface

A smooth, shallow, triangular depression on the anterior femur that receives the patella.

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Intercondylar Sulcus

Another term for the patellar surface, referring to its groove-like shape.

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Trochlear Groove

Yet another term for the patellar surface, emphasizing its pulley-like shape.

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Medial Condyle

One of the rounded bumps on the distal femur, located on the inner side.

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Lateral Condyle

One of the rounded bumps on the distal femur, located on the outer side.

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Intercondylar Fossa

A deep depression between the medial and lateral condyles on the posterior femur.

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Adductor Tubercle

A raised area on the posterolateral aspect of the medial condyle, where the adductor muscle tendon attaches.

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Medial Epicondyle

A rough prominence on the medial condyle, serving as an attachment point for ligaments.

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Lateral Epicondyle

A rough prominence on the lateral condyle, serving as an attachment point for ligaments.

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Femoral Angle

The angle of the femoral shaft from vertical in an anatomical position, typically 10° for an average adult.

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Popliteal Surface

The posterior surface of the distal femur, just proximal to the intercondylar fossa, where blood vessels and nerves pass.

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Epicondyles of Femur

Bony prominences located on the outer tips of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur.

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Patella's Function

Protects the front of the knee joint and acts as a 'pivot' to increase the leverage of the quadriceps muscle.

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Femorotibial Joint

The main joint of the knee, where the two condyles of the femur articulate with corresponding condyles of the tibia.

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Patellofemoral Joint

The articulation between the patella (kneecap) and the anterior surface of the distal femur.

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Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

The articulation between the head of the fibula and the lateral condyle of the tibia.

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