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Questions and Answers
What does food security require in terms of availability?
What does food security require in terms of availability?
What does affordability in food security imply?
What does affordability in food security imply?
How can food accessibility be defined in the context of food security?
How can food accessibility be defined in the context of food security?
What effect does a natural calamity like drought have on food security?
What effect does a natural calamity like drought have on food security?
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Which of the following best defines a famine?
Which of the following best defines a famine?
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Why are poorer households more vulnerable to food insecurity?
Why are poorer households more vulnerable to food insecurity?
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Which of the following factors does not directly contribute to food security?
Which of the following factors does not directly contribute to food security?
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What historical event exemplifies the consequences of inadequate food security?
What historical event exemplifies the consequences of inadequate food security?
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What was one major outcome of the Green Revolution in India?
What was one major outcome of the Green Revolution in India?
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Which state recorded the highest foodgrain production according to the given information?
Which state recorded the highest foodgrain production according to the given information?
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What is the purpose of the Buffer Stock created by the government?
What is the purpose of the Buffer Stock created by the government?
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What is the significance of the Minimum Support Price (MSP)?
What is the significance of the Minimum Support Price (MSP)?
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Which of the following items is NOT typically stocked in ration shops?
Which of the following items is NOT typically stocked in ration shops?
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What was the introduced system that aimed to target the 'poor in all areas'?
What was the introduced system that aimed to target the 'poor in all areas'?
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Under which categories are ration cards classified?
Under which categories are ration cards classified?
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What key legislation was enacted in 2013 focusing on food and nutritional security?
What key legislation was enacted in 2013 focusing on food and nutritional security?
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Which of the following statements regarding the Public Distribution System is incorrect?
Which of the following statements regarding the Public Distribution System is incorrect?
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What year implemented the Antyodaya Anna Yojana aimed at helping the poorest?
What year implemented the Antyodaya Anna Yojana aimed at helping the poorest?
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What significant change was introduced in the PDS in 1992?
What significant change was introduced in the PDS in 1992?
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How has the Green Revolution impacted famine in India?
How has the Green Revolution impacted famine in India?
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What is the main purpose of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) initiated in 1975?
What is the main purpose of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) initiated in 1975?
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Which group is most affected by food and nutrition insecurity in India?
Which group is most affected by food and nutrition insecurity in India?
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During which months does Ramu face food insecurity?
During which months does Ramu face food insecurity?
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What is a significant impact of hunger on poverty?
What is a significant impact of hunger on poverty?
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What type of hunger is related to the seasonal nature of agricultural work?
What type of hunger is related to the seasonal nature of agricultural work?
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What role does Ahmad's yellow card serve in his life?
What role does Ahmad's yellow card serve in his life?
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Which castes are more prone to food insecurity due to low land productivity?
Which castes are more prone to food insecurity due to low land productivity?
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What is chronic hunger a consequence of?
What is chronic hunger a consequence of?
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Which areas in India have a large number of food insecure people?
Which areas in India have a large number of food insecure people?
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What does Ramu's family typically lack in their meals?
What does Ramu's family typically lack in their meals?
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Why is the incidence of malnutrition among women a serious concern?
Why is the incidence of malnutrition among women a serious concern?
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What factor contributes to the daily earnings fluctuations faced by Ahmad?
What factor contributes to the daily earnings fluctuations faced by Ahmad?
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How does Ramu supplement his family's income?
How does Ramu supplement his family's income?
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What is a defining characteristic of food insecurity?
What is a defining characteristic of food insecurity?
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What seasonal activities cause fluctuations in employment for casual laborers like Ramu?
What seasonal activities cause fluctuations in employment for casual laborers like Ramu?
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Which demographic is considered particularly vulnerable to food insecurity due to natural disasters?
Which demographic is considered particularly vulnerable to food insecurity due to natural disasters?
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What is the main purpose of the Public Distribution System (PDS)?
What is the main purpose of the Public Distribution System (PDS)?
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Under the Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY), how much foodgrains are provided to each eligible family?
Under the Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY), how much foodgrains are provided to each eligible family?
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What issue has been criticized regarding the Public Distribution System (PDS)?
What issue has been criticized regarding the Public Distribution System (PDS)?
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What factor has contributed to increased food grain procurement through the Minimum Support Price (MSP)?
What factor has contributed to increased food grain procurement through the Minimum Support Price (MSP)?
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What environmental issue is associated with rice cultivation in India?
What environmental issue is associated with rice cultivation in India?
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Which statement is true regarding the rise in per capita consumption of PDS items since 2004-05?
Which statement is true regarding the rise in per capita consumption of PDS items since 2004-05?
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What is a major consequence of high buffer stocks of foodgrains?
What is a major consequence of high buffer stocks of foodgrains?
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What role do cooperatives play in food security in India?
What role do cooperatives play in food security in India?
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What has been a significant change in the distribution of items through ration cards?
What has been a significant change in the distribution of items through ration cards?
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What was the per person per month consumption of wheat in rural India in 2011-12?
What was the per person per month consumption of wheat in rural India in 2011-12?
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Which of the following has contributed to the increase in maintenance costs of procuring foodgrains by the government?
Which of the following has contributed to the increase in maintenance costs of procuring foodgrains by the government?
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What is one of the negative practices reported among PDS dealers?
What is one of the negative practices reported among PDS dealers?
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How did the AAY scheme expand after its initial launch?
How did the AAY scheme expand after its initial launch?
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What challenge does the FCI face with excess food grain stocks?
What challenge does the FCI face with excess food grain stocks?
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Study Notes
Food Security Overview
- Food security encompasses availability, accessibility, and affordability of food for all, at all times.
- Vulnerable households, especially the poor, are disproportionately affected by disruptions in food production and distribution.
- Public Distribution System (PDS) and government intervention are crucial for food security, especially during crises.
Dimensions of Food Security
- Availability: Food production within the country, imports, and government-stored reserves.
- Accessibility: Food must be within reach of all individuals.
- Affordability: Individuals must have sufficient funds to purchase safe, nutritious food to meet their dietary needs.
Impact of Calamities on Food Security
- Natural disasters (droughts, floods, etc.) drastically reduce food production, leading to shortages and price increases.
- High food prices make food unaffordable for some, potentially causing widespread starvation and famine.
- Famine is characterized by widespread deaths due to starvation, epidemics related to contaminated food/water, and weakening of the body's resistance.
- The Bengal Famine of 1943 stands as a tragic example, with millions of deaths.
Who is Food-Insecure?
- Vulnerable groups include landless individuals, traditional artisans, casual workers, and the destitute.
- Urban food insecurity often affects families employed in low-paying casual jobs, like seasonal laborers.
- Seasonal agricultural work exposes many to periods of food insecurity due to unemployment.
- Socioeconomic factors like caste (SCs, STs, lower OBCs) and natural disasters contribute to food insecurity.
- Women, pregnant women, and young children are highly susceptible to malnutrition. (Large number of women and children affected as per the National Health and Family Survey (NHFS) 1998–99)
Achieving Food Security in India
- India aims for self-sufficiency in food production.
- The Green Revolution, focused on wheat and rice production, significantly boosted output.
- Continued food grain production has largely averted famines due to adverse weather.
- Buffer stock and Public Distribution System (PDS).
Food Corporation of India (FCI) and Buffer Stock
- The Government procures wheat and rice through FCI to create a buffer stock.
- The Minimum Support Price (MSP) incentivizes farmers and is announced annually.
- Stored grains are distributed in deficit areas and supplied to vulnerable populations at a lower issue price, mitigating shortages.
Public Distribution System (PDS)
- A nationwide system of government-regulated ration shops.
- Ration shops provide foodgrains, sugar, kerosene oil at subsidized prices to eligible families.
- Ration cards are categorized based on socioeconomic status (Antyodaya, BPL, APL).
- PDS has been crucial in averting widespread hunger and famine by shifting food from surplus regions to deficit.
National Food Security Act, 2013
- To attain food security at affordable prices, creating dignified livelihoods,
- 75% of rural and 50% of urban populations are eligible for subsidized food grains under this Act.
Current Status of PDS
- PDS's initial universal coverage has evolved to targeting the poor.
- Revamped and Targeted PDS policies created fairer, efficient distribution systems.
- Specific schemes target the poorest (Antyodaya Anna Yojana) and vulnerable (Annapurna).
Criticisms of the PDS
- Existing food stocks do not always guarantee access, with issues like poor quality grains, and unsold stocks.
- Price disparity among ration cards (APL) incentivizes consumers to buy foodgrains at the open market.
- Food procurement at enhanced MSP leads to higher costs.
Role of Cooperatives in Food Security
- Cooperatives in southern and western India establish low-cost stores for vulnerable populations.
Challenges and Improvements
- High buffer stocks can be wasteful, with storage costs, and grain deterioration.
- MSP pressure for certain states can divert land away from other crops, leading to environmental concerns.
- PDS malpractices such as diverted grain sales from ration shops reduces efficiency.
Declining Per Capita Consumption (NSSO Data):
- Per capita consumption of foodgrains has declined in both rural and urban India (in kg per month) from 2004-05 to 2011-12
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of food security, including its definitions, dimensions like availability, accessibility, and affordability, as well as the impact of natural disasters on food systems. Understanding these elements is crucial for addressing food insecurity effectively.
