Food Security in India
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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason for Ramu's unemployment during certain periods of the year?

Ramu remains unemployed for about 4 months during the period of plant consolidation and maturing in a year.

How does Ramu supplement his earnings during the off-seasons?

He looks for work in other activities, such as brick laying or construction.

What type of assistance is provided to victims of natural calamities at a relief camp?

Victims receive help in the form of money, food, clothes, and medicines.

What are the implications of the Covid-19 pandemic on food security?

<p>The pandemic caused restrictions on movement which adversely impacted economic activity and food security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Sunhari play in her family’s livelihood?

<p>Sunhari works part-time as a house cleaner for livestock and also assists in the field during busy seasons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical famine is mentioned as having a significant impact on India?

<p>The Bengal famine is noted as a significant historical event affecting food security in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define food-insecure individuals based on the context provided.

<p>Food-insecure individuals are those who lack reliable access to sufficient quantities of affordable and nutritious food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which recent year was the foodgrain stock with the government maximum?

<p>In 2014, the stock of wheat and rice with FCI was at its maximum at 65.3 million tonnes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum buffer stock norm for the Food Corporation of India (FCI)?

<p>The specific minimum buffer stock norm is not provided in the content, but it is indicated that the stocks remained consistently higher than set norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were the FCI granaries overflowing with foodgrains?

<p>The granaries were overflowing due to high levels of production, particularly of rice and wheat, driven by increased Minimum Support Prices (MSP) and diversion of land from coarse grains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of maintaining high levels of buffer stocks of foodgrains?

<p>High buffer stocks can lead to wastefulness, high carrying costs, deterioration in grain quality, and environmental degradation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which states in India are concentrated in the production of wheat and rice?

<p>The major states producing wheat and rice include Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, and Andhra Pradesh, with lesser production in West Bengal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the foodgrain production in India during 2015-16?

<p>The foodgrain production in India during 2015-16 was 252.22 million tonnes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did India first cross the 200 million tonne mark in foodgrain production?

<p>200 million tonnes was first crossed in 2001.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which states recorded significant wheat production in 2015-16, and what were their respective outputs?

<p>Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh recorded significant wheat production with outputs of 26.87 and 17.69 million tonnes, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of declaring the Minimum Support Price (MSP) by the government?

<p>The MSP is declared to provide incentives to farmers for raising foodgrain production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the lowest production year in the data presented.

<p>The lowest production year recorded was 108 million tonnes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the percentage of seasonal and chronic hunger change in India as per the table?

<p>The percentage of seasonal and chronic hunger has declined in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend can be seen in foodgrain production from the graph over the years?

<p>The trend shows an overall increase in foodgrain production over the years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major agricultural strategy was adopted in India after Independence to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains?

<p>India adopted the Green Revolution strategy to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which decade did India report a production growth from 245 million tonnes to approximately 297 million tonnes?

<p>This growth occurred in the 2010s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of Indira Gandhi in the context of the Green Revolution?

<p>Indira Gandhi endorsed the Green Revolution by commemorating it with a special stamp titled 'Wheat Revolution' in July 1968.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was India's foodgrain production in 2016-17, and how did it compare to the previous year?

<p>India's foodgrain production in 2016-17 was 275.68 million tonnes, which was an increase from 252.22 million tonnes in 2015-16.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does foodgrain storage in granaries benefit the agricultural sector?

<p>Storage in granaries helps manage supply and prevents wastage of foodgrains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the MSP impact farmers' decisions regarding crop production?

<p>MSP influences farmers to cultivate crops that are guaranteed a minimum price.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the significant rice producers mentioned for 2015-16 and their production amounts.

<p>West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh were significant rice producers with 15.75 and 12.51 million tonnes, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key outcome did the Green Revolution aim to prevent in India?

<p>The Green Revolution aimed to prevent famine during adverse weather conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does crossing the 250 million tonne mark signify for India's food security?

<p>Crossing 250 million tonnes indicates a robust food security situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the Green Revolution start in India, and what was its impact?

<p>The Green Revolution started in the early-1970s and significantly increased the production of wheat and rice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can you identify a year from the graph where foodgrain production decreased compared to the previous year?

<p>Yes, in 2020-21, production decreased compared to 2019-20.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Directorate of Economics and Statistics play in foodgrain production data?

<p>It collects and analyzes data to inform policies related to agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key items do ration shops provide to consumers?

<p>Ration shops provide foodgrains, sugar, and kerosene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what historical context was rationing first introduced in India?

<p>Rationing was introduced in India during the 1940s against the backdrop of the Bengal famine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many types of ration cards exist and what are they?

<p>There are three types of ration cards: Antyodaya cards, BPL cards, and APL cards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in the mid-1970s?

<p>PDS was a food intervention program aimed at distributing food grains to those in need.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the Green Revolution have on rationing in the 1960s?

<p>The Green Revolution was a response to acute food shortages leading to the revival of rationing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name a food intervention program introduced in 1975.

<p>Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) was introduced in 1975.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Food-for-Work (FFW) program established in 1977–78?

<p>The FFW program aimed to provide food in exchange for labor contributions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do prices at ration shops compare to those at grocery stores?

<p>Prices at ration shops are lower than those at grocery stores for families below the poverty line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Poverty Alleviation Programmes (PAPs) currently?

<p>PAPs focus on providing food components primarily in rural areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of families are eligible for Antyodaya cards?

<p>Antyodaya cards are for the poorest of the poor families.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Famine

A serious situation where there is a widespread lack of food, leading to hunger and even starvation.

Natural Calamity

A natural disaster, like a flood or earthquake, that can disrupt food production and cause food shortages.

Food Security

The state of having enough food to eat at all times, even during challenging situations like natural disasters or pandemics.

Food-insecure

People who are not able to consistently get enough food to meet their nutritional needs.

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Agriculture

The practice of farming, which involves planting, growing, and harvesting crops.

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Plant Consolidation and Maturing

The period when crops are growing and need time to mature before they can be harvested.

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Economic Activity

A situation where the economy struggles and people face hardship, often due to factors like limited access to goods and services.

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Foodgrain Production in India

The amount of food grains produced in India each year.

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When did India cross 200 million tonnes of foodgrain production?

The year when India's foodgrain production crossed 200 million tonnes.

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Decade of significant foodgrain production growth in India

The decade during which India's foodgrain production significantly increased.

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What is Minimum Support Price (MSP)?

The guaranteed price paid by the government to farmers for certain crops.

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Which crops have a Minimum Support Price?

The crops for which the government sets a Minimum Support Price.

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What does the government do with the purchased food grains?

The action of buying food grains from farmers at the Minimum Support Price.

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What are granaries?

The places where the government stores the purchased food grains.

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Why does the government set a Minimum Support Price?

The purpose of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) is to ensure that farmers get a fair price for their crops, motivating them to produce more.

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Green Revolution in India

The period in Indian history when major advances in agricultural technology, especially in wheat and rice production, dramatically increased food output.

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Self-sufficiency in Foodgrains

A situation where a country can produce enough food to meet the needs of its entire population.

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Wheat Production Powerhouses (2015-16)

Key states in India for wheat production, known for their significant contributions to national output.

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Rice Production Powerhouses (2015-16)

Key states in India for rice production, known for their significant contributions to national output.

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Wheat Revolution

A significant increase in food production, specifically in wheat, across India.

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Foodgrain Production

The production of food crops, which are essential for feeding a nation.

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India's Food Security Goal

India's goal of achieving self-sufficiency in food production, meaning it would be able to produce enough food for its own people.

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Indian Food Security Policies

A set of strategies and policies designed to improve food security in India.

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What is a subsidy?

A payment made by the government to producers, supplementing market prices to support commodity prices.

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What is the minimum buffer stock norm?

The minimum amount of foodgrains that the government needs to hold in reserve, ensuring food availability in case of emergencies.

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Why are high buffer stocks undesirable?

The stock of foodgrains held by the government, which can lead to high storage costs, wastage, and quality deterioration.

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What is crop diversion?

The practice of farmers shifting from producing essential food grains to commercially viable crops like wheat and rice, leading to potential imbalances in food production.

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What is the Public Distribution System (PDS)?

A system where the government provides essential food items, such as grains, sugar, and kerosene, to people at prices lower than the market price.

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What is the purpose of the PDS?

The PDS aims to ensure food security and affordability for everyone, especially those living below the poverty line.

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What are Ration Shops?

They are stores where people with ration cards can purchase subsidized food items at a controlled price.

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What are Ration Cards?

These cards categorize families based on their income and allow them to buy specific quantities of essential items from ration shops at subsidized rates.

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What are the different types of Ration Cards?

Antyodaya cards are for the poorest families, BPL cards for families below the poverty line, and APL cards for everyone else.

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What is the ICDS program?

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is a program launched in 1975 to improve the health and well-being of children, especially those under six years old.

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What is the FFW program?

Food-for-Work (FFW) is a program, introduced in 1977-78, that provides employment opportunities in exchange for food, primarily in rural areas.

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Why was the PDS strengthened in the 1970s?

The PDS was originally implemented in the 1940s to address food shortages, but it was strengthened and expanded in the 1970s to respond to widespread poverty.

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What events led to the development of the PDS?

The Bengal famine of the 1940s and a severe food shortage in the 1960s highlighted the need for a robust food distribution system.

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How did the Green Revolution impact the PDS?

The introduction of the Green Revolution in the 1960s significantly increased food production, but the PDS continued to be essential for ensuring equitable distribution and affordability for all.

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Study Notes

Food Security in India

  • Food security encompasses availability, accessibility, and affordability of food for all at all times
  • Vulnerable households face greater food insecurity during crop production or distribution problems
  • Public Distribution System (PDS) and government action are crucial for food security
  • Food is essential for life, but food security encompasses more than just basic needs; it includes factors like availability, accessibility, and affordability
  • Food availability means domestic production, imports, and stored stock
  • Accessibility means easy access to food for all
  • Affordability relates to individuals' financial capacity to purchase enough nutritious food
  • Food insecurity can arise from natural disasters like droughts, floods, earthquakes or tsunamis, resulting in production decrease, price increases, and famine
  • The Bengal Famine of 1943 serves as an example of severe food insecurity
  • Agricultural labourers, fishermen, transport workers, and casual labourers faced the most impact during the Bengal famine
  • The famine of 1943 killed 30 lakh people in Bengal province

Importance of Food Security

  • Adequate food supply is crucial for a healthy population
  • Poverty eradication is vital for improved food access
  • Food security's dimensions include availability, accessibility, and affordability
  • 1995 World Food Summit defined food security broadly, encompassing all levels from individual to global
  • Food security includes meeting dietary needs and preferences for active, healthy lives

Other Factors affecting Food Security

  • Seasonal and chronic hunger can lead to poverty
  • Food insecurity can stem from low income levels, inability to acquire enough food, and seasonal harvest cycles
  • Seasonal food insecurity often arises from cycles of food growth and harvest, impacting rural areas during specific times of the year
  • Causal laborers, especially in urban areas, experience seasonal food insecurity due to fluctuating job availability

Efforts to improve Food Security

  • India has implemented various schemes and policies after independence to achieve food grain self-sufficiency
  • Efforts include better crop yields, efficient distribution, procurement policies, and storage improvements
  • The Green Revolution in India resulted in substantial increases in wheat and rice production
  • The introduction of the Minimum Support Price policy increased agricultural production
  • The government initiated various schemes for the poor, including the Public Distribution System (PDS), Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
  • Food security policies aim to safeguard food availability and affordability for all citizens, especially the vulnerable
  • Co-operatives play an important part in food distribution and affordability
  • Subsidies and other government interventions help maintain lower prices, accessible to the poorer sections of the community

Food Security Measures

  • Buffer stock is a government measure, procuring food grains, such as wheat and rice, and storing it in granaries, addressing shortages
  • The concept of minimum support prices encourages farmers to produce more essential crops
  • The Public Distribution System (PDS), rations shops help distribute food for the needy at subsidized prices
  • The National Food Security Act of 2013 aims to ensure access to affordable food for a substantial portion of the population

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Description

This quiz explores the critical aspects of food security in India, focusing on its availability, accessibility, and affordability. It also examines the role of the Public Distribution System (PDS) and the impact of natural disasters on food insecurity. Understand the complexities of food security, including historical examples like the Bengal Famine of 1943.

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