Podcast
Questions and Answers
What defines causality in nutrition research?
What defines causality in nutrition research?
- An observation of dietary habits without interference.
- Two variables are related but do not influence each other.
- A personal experience related to nutrition.
- One variable directly influences another. (correct)
Association implies that one variable directly causes another.
Association implies that one variable directly causes another.
False (B)
Give an example of a nutrient-dense food.
Give an example of a nutrient-dense food.
Vegetables
A _____ diet includes variety, balance, and moderation.
A _____ diet includes variety, balance, and moderation.
Match the type of evidence with its definition:
Match the type of evidence with its definition:
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a healthy diet?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a healthy diet?
Non-essential nutrients must be obtained from food.
Non-essential nutrients must be obtained from food.
What beverage is primarily recommended in Canada's Food Guide?
What beverage is primarily recommended in Canada's Food Guide?
Nutrient density refers to the amount of nutrients per _____ in food.
Nutrient density refers to the amount of nutrients per _____ in food.
What is the purpose of a food guide?
What is the purpose of a food guide?
What does the term 'sodium free' indicate on a food label?
What does the term 'sodium free' indicate on a food label?
A 'source of fiber' claim on a label means the product contains a very high amount of fiber.
A 'source of fiber' claim on a label means the product contains a very high amount of fiber.
What is the purpose of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Plan (HACCP)?
What is the purpose of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Plan (HACCP)?
The stomach is lined with ________ to prevent acids from digesting it.
The stomach is lined with ________ to prevent acids from digesting it.
Match the nutrient claim with its definition:
Match the nutrient claim with its definition:
Which of the following is an excellent source of calcium?
Which of the following is an excellent source of calcium?
Peristalsis refers to the muscle contraction that moves food through the digestive tract.
Peristalsis refers to the muscle contraction that moves food through the digestive tract.
What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?
What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?
The first stage of digestion takes place in the ________ where mechanical digestion begins.
The first stage of digestion takes place in the ________ where mechanical digestion begins.
Which statement accurately describes the order of ingredient listings on food labels?
Which statement accurately describes the order of ingredient listings on food labels?
What is catabolism?
What is catabolism?
Anabolism requires energy to build complex molecules.
Anabolism requires energy to build complex molecules.
Name two methods of absorption.
Name two methods of absorption.
Food allergens can trigger severe symptoms in individuals with __________.
Food allergens can trigger severe symptoms in individuals with __________.
Match the following food allergens with their descriptions:
Match the following food allergens with their descriptions:
Which of the following is NOT considered a priority food allergen?
Which of the following is NOT considered a priority food allergen?
Food intolerances can lead severe and life-threatening symptoms.
Food intolerances can lead severe and life-threatening symptoms.
What is the primary difference between allergies and intolerances?
What is the primary difference between allergies and intolerances?
The process of __________ involves the breakdown of molecules to release energy.
The process of __________ involves the breakdown of molecules to release energy.
Which absorption method requires energy?
Which absorption method requires energy?
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Study Notes
Food Labels and Packaging
- Ingredients are listed in order, from highest weight to lowest.
- Nutritional labels allow product comparison based on nutrient claims.
Nutrient Claims
- Free: None or very little of a nutrient (e.g., "sodium free").
- Low: A small amount of a nutrient (e.g., "low fat").
- Reduced: At least 25% less of the nutrient compared to a similar product (e.g., "reduced in Calories").
- Light: Reduced fat or calories.
Health Claims
- Source: Contains a significant amount of a nutrient (e.g., "source of fiber").
- High/Good Source: Contains a high amount of a nutrient (e.g., "high in vitamin C").
- Very High/Excellent Source: Contains a very high amount of a nutrient (e.g., "excellent source of calcium").
Food Safety and HACCP
- HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Plan.
- Steps include conducting a hazard analysis, identifying critical control points, establishing limits, monitoring, corrective actions, record keeping, and verification.
Digestive Organs and Functions
- Digestion starts in the mouth with mechanical breakdown and salivary amylase.
- Peristalsis moves food through the esophagus to the stomach, where pepsin and gastric acids further digest food.
- In the small intestine, enzymes and bile emulsify fats and nutrients are absorbed through villi.
- Water is reabsorbed in the large intestine, culminating in waste elimination.
Enzymes
- Enzymes lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions.
Types of Nutrition Research
- Observational studies collect data without altering variables, while experimental studies involve manipulation of variables.
- Anecdotal evidence relies on personal testimony and lacks scientific rigor, whereas scientific evidence is based on research.
Causality vs. Association
- Causality indicates one factor directly affects another (e.g., smoking causes lung cancer).
- Association denotes two related factors without direct influence (e.g., ice cream sales and drownings correlate but don’t cause each other).
Micronutrients and Macronutrients
- Micronutrients include vitamins and minerals; macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and water.
Essential vs. Non-Essential Nutrients
- Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized by the body; non-essential nutrients can be produced by the body.
Characteristics of a Healthy Diet
- Variety: Includes different food groups.
- Balance: Matches energy intake with activity using nutrient-dense foods.
- Moderation: Avoiding excess and managing portion sizes.
Nutrient Density
- High density: More nutrients per calorie (e.g., vegetables, fruits, whole grains).
- Low density: Fewer nutrients per calorie (e.g., cakes, sodas, fast food).
Healthy Eating Guidelines
- Promote mindfulness in eating habits, cook regularly, enjoy meals, and share food.
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)
- Refers to the proportion of macronutrients recommended for a balanced diet.
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
- Specific nutrition recommendations to guide dietary choices.
Purpose of Food Guides
- Aimed at improving health, ensuring nutrients' adequacy, and reducing nutrition-related diseases.
Canada's Food Guide 2019
- Provides guidelines for healthy eating and food habits.
Beverage Recommendations
- Water is the primary beverage choice; unsweetened coffee, tea, and lower-fat milk alternatives are encouraged.
Metabolism
- Metabolism comprises catabolism (breaking down molecules, releasing energy) and anabolism (building molecules, requiring energy).
Methods of Absorption
- Include active transport, facilitated diffusion, passive diffusion, and osmosis.
Food Allergens
- Priority allergens include eggs, milk, mustard, peanuts, shellfish, fish, sesame seeds, soy, sulphites, tree nuts, and wheat.
Allergies vs. Intolerances
- Allergies cause severe immune responses, while intolerances result in digestive discomfort.
Preventative Measures for Food Allergies
- Monitor food labels, avoid known allergens, and educate about allergy symptoms and management.
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