Bacillus cereus
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Questions and Answers

What is the mode of action of the Diarrheal Enterotoxin produced by Bacillus cereus?

  • Stimulates the vagus nerve to initiate vomiting
  • Acts rapidly after ingestion
  • Induces diarrhea by stimulating the cAMP system (correct)
  • Acts more slowly after ingestion
  • Which Bacillus species is known for causing the acute and often lethal disease anthrax?

  • Bacillus subtilis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bacillus thuringiensis
  • Bacillus anthracis (correct)
  • What distinguishes B.thuringiensis from B.cereus in terms of their usage?

  • Both are used for biological control against insects
  • B.cereus is used for biological control against fungal and crop diseases (correct)
  • B.thuringiensis causes food-borne illness
  • B.thuringiensis is used to initiate vomiting
  • How are B.thuringiensis and B.cereus described in terms of their phylogenetics?

    <p>They are essentially the same according to phylogenetic studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of toxin does the plasmid of Bacillus cereus strains encode?

    <p>Cereulide toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of Bacillus cereus makes it hard to control in the food production chain?

    <p>Ubiquitous presence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes Bacillus thuringiensis an important bacterium for biological control?

    <p>Harboring plasmids encoding insecticidal toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic allows Bacillus cereus to persist for years in the environment?

    <p>Formation of endospores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms may serve as major reservoirs for acquiring spores of Bacillus cereus?

    <p>Soil-associated organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of food is most commonly associated with strains that can produce cereulide?

    <p>High-starch foods like potatoes, pasta, and rice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of cereulide in food based on the text?

    <p>Poorly studied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors contribute to Bacillus cereus illness according to the text?

    <p>Improper holding temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best strategy to prevent Bacillus cereus intoxication from food according to the text?

    <p>Uniform quick chilling food to 4∘C or holding food above 60∘C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toxin is produced by Bacillus cereus that can cause food poisoning?

    <p>Cereulide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms did the children in the daycare center experience after eating the fried rice and chicken?

    <p>Nausea, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are outbreaks of Bacillus cereus (Bc) described in terms of severity?

    <p>Highly underestimated due to moderate severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the Emetic Toxin produced by Bacillus cereus?

    <p>Heat-resistant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Bacillus cereus commonly found in nature?

    <p>In soil and growing plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge related to Bacillus cereus-contaminated milk?

    <p>It often causes off flavors in dairy products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period for the Emetic Syndrome caused by Bacillus cereus?

    <p>0.5-5 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is cereulide, the toxin produced by Bacillus cereus, characterized in terms of its heat stability?

    <p>Heat-stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom associated with the Diarrheal Syndrome caused by Bacillus cereus?

    <p>Abdominal pain, watery diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At higher dosages, what potential damage can cereulide, the toxin produced by Bacillus cereus, cause?

    <p>Liver or brain damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of cells that can cause illness when ingested in the case of Bacillus cereus toxico-infection?

    <p>105-108 cells/gram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body is the primary site of toxin production in the case of Bacillus cereus toxico-infection?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of illness typically associated with the Emetic Syndrome caused by Bacillus cereus?

    <p>6-24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of toxin is cereulide, the toxin produced by Bacillus cereus?

    <p>Protein; Enterotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the cereulide toxin synthesized by Bacillus cereus?

    <p>Nonribosomal protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the genes responsible for cereulide synthesis encoded in Bacillus cereus?

    <p>Large mega-plasmid (pCER270)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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