Food and Nutrition Chapter 3: Carbohydrates

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What is the unit of measurement defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1°C?

Energy

Kilojoule (kJ)

Joule (J)

Calorie (Cal) (correct)

Which nutrient's controlled oxidation contributes to about half of the intake of energy in the body?

Fats

Proteins

Carbohydrates (correct)

Vitamins

What is the main function of energy obtained from glucose and fatty acids reactions in the body?

Protein synthesis for growth and repair

Maintenance of body temperature at 37°C (correct)

Elimination of wastes from blood by kidney

Contraction of muscles – breathing, heart

What happens when excess energy is consumed in the body?

Stored as glycogen or fat Signup and view all the answers

During periods of starvation, what does the body utilize to provide energy?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

For what activities does the human body require energy, apart from maintenance of body temperature?

Breathing and heart functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

The energy expended when the body is completely relaxed and at rest, in a comfortable position, in a temperature within the zone of thermal neutrality, after digestion and absorption of the last food ingested have ceased. Signup and view all the answers

What is the major reason why losing weight becomes difficult in later life?

Decrease in thyroid secretions with age. Signup and view all the answers

How does Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) vary?

With age, weight, sex, disease, and other factors. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) after 25 years of age?

It decreases approximately 1% per year. Signup and view all the answers

In which condition does Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) rise?

With an increase in weight. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy provided through oxidation?

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins Signup and view all the answers

How do obese persons compare to others in terms of energy utilization at rest?

Obese persons use less energy at rest. Signup and view all the answers

What is the extra recommended daily energy requirement during the last 6 months of pregnancy?

200 kcal (840 kJ) Signup and view all the answers

How does human body temperature impact energy needs in hot climates?

Less heat needs to be generated to maintain body temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the energy needs of elderly individuals?

They generally use less energy than young and adults due to reduced activity and number of active cells. Signup and view all the answers

Food and Nutrition Chapter 3: Carbohydrates - Energy and Calorie Units

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