Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance Quiz: Identify the Signs

Study Notes

Diarrhea (Difficile and Salmonella)

Frequent watery stool
Lab tests: Stool Culture, Sodium, Potassium, Blood tests
Diagnosis: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance
Intervention: Fluid Replacement, Weight monitoring, Oral Rehydration, Non-carbonated drinks, BRAT Diet, Avoid Apple Juice

AIDS

Slow degeneration of immune system
T-cell problem
Possible malignancy of NVS
Initial manifestations: Flu-like symptoms (2-4 weeks after infection)
Lab tests: Western Blot, ELISA, CD 4 Lymphocytes, PCP, Kaposi Sarcoma
Diagnosis: Risk for infection
Intervention: Abstinence, Avoid sharing of needle, Maintain standard precautions, Use 10% household cleaning solution for wounds

Addison's Disease

Adrenal hypofunction
Manifestations: Bronze skin pigment, Hyponatremia, Hyperkalemia, Hyperglycemia, Fatigue, Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, Vitiligo, Hypotension, Confusion
Diagnosis: Fluid volume deficit
Intervention: High sodium diet, Low potassium diet, Explain need of life-long glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid, High protein and carb diet, Instruct pt to avoid infection, trauma or stress

Aplastic Anemia

Bone marrow hypoplasia
Manifestations: Abnormal bleeding, Purpura, petechiae, melena
Lab tests: Low WBC, RBC, Platelet
Diagnosis: Risk for infection, Risk for injury, Activity Intolerance
Intervention: Provide rest, Prepare for bone marrow transplant

Megaloblastic Anemia

Folic acid deficiency
Manifestations: Beefy red tongue
Diagnosis: Activity Intolerance
Intervention: Increase folic acid in diet (green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver-organ meats, spinach, broccoli, fresh fruits)

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Decrease capacity of oxygen carrying protein (hemoglobin)
Manifestations: Easy fatigability, Poor sucking (pedia), Pallor, 3 Fs (Fatigue, Fainting, Forgetfulness)
Lab tests: Low Hemoglobin, Low Hematocrit, Microcytic / hypochromic RBC
Diagnosis: Activity Intolerance
Intervention: Instruct frequent rest, Increase iron intake (organ meats, egg yolk, iron supplements)

Pernicious Anemia

Vit.B 12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Manifestations: Fatigue, Glositis, Peripheral Neuritis
Lab test: Schilling's Test
Intervention: Monthly IM Vit.B12 injection (lifetime), Instruct to report tingling sensation of extremities

Anaphylaxis

Allergic reaction
Manifestations: Vascular collapse
Intervention: Not stated

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Outpouching of the abdominal aorta due to pressure of blood
Initial manifestations: Asymptomatic, Pulsating abdominal mass, Bruit upon auscultation
Lab tests: UTZ of abdomen, MRI, CT Scan, BUN
Diagnosis: Altered Tissue Perfusion
Intervention: Avoid abdominal palpation, Prepare for surgery, Monitor for possible rupture, Look for s/sx of shock, Monitor I and O, Administer meds to decrease hypertension and abdominal pain, Monitor peripheral pulses (pedal)

Acne Vulgaris

Inflammatory disease
Caused by blockage of sebaceous follicles
Manifestations: White heads, Black heads
Diagnosis: Body Image disturbance
Intervention: Use mild soap, Avoid Isotretinoin in pregnancy

Acromegaly

Over secretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland
Manifestations: Coarse facial features, Large shoe size, Increased ICP due to tumor, Headache, Blindness
Lab tests: Increased Serum Growth Hormone, Increased Blood Sugar Levels
Intervention: Provide emotional support, Sandostatin/Ectreotide to reduce growth hormone

Description

Test your knowledge on interventions for fluid and electrolyte imbalance caused by Difficile and Salmonella infections. Learn about diagnosis and treatments including fluid replacement, weight monitoring, oral rehydration, and dietary restrictions.