Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance Interventions Quiz

Diarrhea (Difficile and Salmonella)

• Frequent watery stool
• Lab tests: Stool Culture, Sodium, Potassium, Blood tests
• Diagnosis: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance
• Intervention: Fluid Replacement, Weight monitoring, Oral Rehydration, Non-carbonated drinks, BRAT Diet, Avoid Apple Juice

AIDS

• Slow degeneration of immune system
• T-cell problem
• Possible malignancy of NVS
• Initial manifestations: Flu-like symptoms (2-4 weeks after infection)
• Lab tests: Western Blot, ELISA, CD 4 Lymphocytes, PCP, Kaposi Sarcoma
• Diagnosis: Risk for infection
• Intervention: Abstinence, Avoid sharing of needle, Maintain standard precautions, Use 10% household cleaning solution for wounds

Addison's Disease

• Adrenal hypofunction
• Manifestations: Bronze skin pigment, Hyponatremia, Hyperkalemia, Hyperglycemia, Fatigue, Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, Vitiligo, Hypotension, Confusion
• Diagnosis: Fluid volume deficit
• Intervention: High sodium diet, Low potassium diet, Explain need of life-long glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid, High protein and carb diet, Instruct pt to avoid infection, trauma or stress

Aplastic Anemia

• Bone marrow hypoplasia
• Manifestations: Abnormal bleeding, Purpura, petechiae, melena
• Lab tests: Low WBC, RBC, Platelet
• Diagnosis: Risk for infection, Risk for injury, Activity Intolerance
• Intervention: Provide rest, Prepare for bone marrow transplant

Megaloblastic Anemia

• Folic acid deficiency
• Manifestations: Beefy red tongue
• Diagnosis: Activity Intolerance
• Intervention: Increase folic acid in diet (green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver-organ meats, spinach, broccoli, fresh fruits)

Iron Deficiency Anemia

• Decrease capacity of oxygen carrying protein (hemoglobin)
• Manifestations: Easy fatigability, Poor sucking (pedia), Pallor, 3 Fs (Fatigue, Fainting, Forgetfulness)
• Lab tests: Low Hemoglobin, Low Hematocrit, Microcytic / hypochromic RBC
• Diagnosis: Activity Intolerance
• Intervention: Instruct frequent rest, Increase iron intake (organ meats, egg yolk, iron supplements)

Pernicious Anemia

• Vit.B 12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
• Manifestations: Fatigue, Glositis, Peripheral Neuritis
• Lab test: Schilling's Test
• Intervention: Monthly IM Vit.B12 injection (lifetime), Instruct to report tingling sensation of extremities

Anaphylaxis

• Allergic reaction
• Manifestations: Vascular collapse
• Intervention: Not stated

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

• Outpouching of the abdominal aorta due to pressure of blood
• Initial manifestations: Asymptomatic, Pulsating abdominal mass, Bruit upon auscultation
• Lab tests: UTZ of abdomen, MRI, CT Scan, BUN
• Diagnosis: Altered Tissue Perfusion
• Intervention: Avoid abdominal palpation, Prepare for surgery, Monitor for possible rupture, Look for s/sx of shock, Monitor I and O, Administer meds to decrease hypertension and abdominal pain, Monitor peripheral pulses (pedal)

Acne Vulgaris

• Inflammatory disease
• Caused by blockage of sebaceous follicles
• Manifestations: White heads, Black heads
• Diagnosis: Body Image disturbance
• Intervention: Use mild soap, Avoid Isotretinoin in pregnancy

Acromegaly

• Over secretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland
• Manifestations: Coarse facial features, Large shoe size, Increased ICP due to tumor, Headache, Blindness
• Lab tests: Increased Serum Growth Hormone, Increased Blood Sugar Levels
• Intervention: Provide emotional support, Sandostatin/Ectreotide to reduce growth hormone