Flu Vaccines and Cell Metabolism Quiz

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Questions and Answers

In which organelle does aerobic respiration predominantly occur in eukaryotic cells?

Nucleus

Chloroplast

Mitochondrion (correct)

Golgi apparatus

What is the primary function of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

To act as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (correct)

To enhance the breakdown of fatty acids

To facilitate the synthesis of glucose

To increase ATP yield from anaerobic processes

During which phase of the bacterial growth curve does the population size remain constant?

Stationary phase (correct)

Decline phase

Lag phase

Log phase

Which type of transport across a cell membrane requires no energy from the cell?

Facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

How does the flu shot enhance the body's ability to fend off influenza?

It activates and trains your immune response to recognize the virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ATP in cells?

Acts as a cell’s battery to power reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of bacterial growth is marked by a balance between cell division and cell death?

Stationary phase Signup and view all the answers

What is fermentation's main purpose in cells?

To keep glycolysis running when oxygen is not available Signup and view all the answers

What type of virus is present in the nasal spray flu vaccine?

Weak but alive virus Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of bacterial growth has no cell division occurring?

Lag phase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is primarily responsible for transporting electrons during respiration?

NADH and FADH₂ Signup and view all the answers

Which process does NOT produce ATP during aerobic respiration?

Fermentation Signup and view all the answers

Which flu vaccine option is best for people with egg allergies?

Egg-free vaccine (RIV) Signup and view all the answers

What describes the nature of facilitated diffusion?

Movement of molecules with the help of a protein, no energy required Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a cell is in a hypertonic solution?

The cell shrinks as water leaves it Signup and view all the answers

How are flu vaccines typically produced?

From the flu virus grown in eggs Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between herd immunity and vaccination?

Herd immunity is achieved when most of the population is vaccinated Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is classified as a macronutrient that cells require?

Carbohydrate Signup and view all the answers

Which process moves particles from high to low concentration without energy?

Simple diffusion Signup and view all the answers

When does the death phase in bacterial growth occur?

When nutrients run out and waste accumulates Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an enzyme's active site?

To bind the substrate for a chemical reaction Signup and view all the answers

What do flu vaccines typically contain to prepare the body for influenza?

Dead or inactivated flu virus Signup and view all the answers

Which structure primarily facilitates the movement of water across cell membranes?

Protein channels Signup and view all the answers

Anabolism is best defined as which of the following processes?

Building up smaller molecules into larger ones Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the production of ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondrion Signup and view all the answers

What is the egg-free flu vaccine primarily made from?

Proteins from the flu virus Signup and view all the answers

During which bacterial growth phase do the bacteria die off faster than they reproduce?

Death phase Signup and view all the answers

Binary fission is primarily known as what type of process?

The way bacteria reproduce Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the type of respiration that occurs without the presence of oxygen?

Anaerobic respiration Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Flu Vaccines

Flu vaccines train the immune system to recognize and fight the flu virus.
They contain either inactivated (killed) or weakened live flu viruses.
The nasal spray vaccine uses a weakened live virus.
Egg-free vaccines use proteins from the flu virus, not the virus grown in eggs.
Flu vaccines are recommended for most people aged 6 months and older.
It takes about two weeks for the vaccine to become fully effective.
Flu vaccines are updated yearly to address new strains of the virus.

Cell Metabolism & Transport

Macronutrients are essential for cell function; oxygen is an example.
Micronutrients are also vital; zinc is an example.
ATP is the cell's primary energy currency.
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions within cells.
Active transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient (low to high).
Passive transport (simple and facilitated diffusion, osmosis) does not require energy. Facilitated diffusion uses protein channels. Osmosis is water movement across a membrane to equalize solute concentration.
Anabolism builds larger molecules from smaller ones; catabolism breaks them down.
Mitochondria generate ATP, the "powerhouse" of the cell.

Microbiology

Bacteria reproduce through binary fission.
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to produce ATP; anaerobic respiration doesn't.
Fermentation produces lactic acid (e.g., in muscles) when oxygen is scarce, yielding less ATP than aerobic respiration.
Bacterial growth phases: lag (no division), log (rapid division), stationary (equal birth and death rates), death (death exceeds birth).
Herd immunity protects the unvaccinated when a substantial portion of the population is vaccinated.

Additional Points

Hypertonic solutions cause cells to shrink (water loss).
The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is oxygen. In anaerobic respiration, it can be nitrate, sulfate, or carbonate.
Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, a preliminary step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Antibodies are produced by the immune system to fight infections. Vaccines induce antibody production.

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Description

Test your knowledge on flu vaccines and cellular metabolism with this comprehensive quiz. Learn about the functioning of vaccines, the importance of macronutrients and micronutrients, and the mechanisms of transport in cells. Perfect for students studying biology and health sciences.