The Flu Virus and Vaccines Overview

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Questions and Answers

What process do bacteria use to multiply?

Binary fission (correct)

Budding

Fragmentation

Mitosis

During which growth phase are bacteria preparing to grow?

Lag Phase (correct)

Stationary Phase

Log Phase

Death Phase

What is ATP's role in cells?

Storing waste products

Transmitting genetic information

Energy currency (correct)

Building structural components

What occurs during the Krebs Cycle in aerobic respiration?

Energy-rich molecules are generated Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cells during anaerobic respiration?

They generate less energy than with aerobic respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of bacterial growth is characterized by a decrease in population due to lack of resources?

Death Phase Signup and view all the answers

In metabolism, what does anabolism specifically refer to?

Building larger molecules from smaller units Signup and view all the answers

Which step of aerobic respiration involves breaking down glucose?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the essential nutrients that cells need in large quantities for growth and function?

Macronutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes autotrophs?

Organisms that can produce their own food using sunlight Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when substances move from crowded areas to less crowded areas without the use of energy?

Simple diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport requires energy to move substances across the cell membrane?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario does a cell swell due to excess water intake?

Hypotonic solution Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic environment?

It shrinks as water leaves Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the cell membrane engulfing material to bring it into the cell?

Endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What role do micronutrients play in cellular function?

They are essential for cellular machinery and signaling Signup and view all the answers

What is one major characteristic of fermentation compared to aerobic respiration?

Fermentation results in byproducts like lactic acid or alcohol. Signup and view all the answers

How does herd immunity help protect individuals who do not receive the flu shot?

It decreases the overall number of flu cases in the community. Signup and view all the answers

What role do enzymes play in cellular processes?

They speed up chemical reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes facilitated diffusion?

It utilizes a protein mechanism for transport. Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential symptoms of influenza?

Fever, cough, and muscle aches. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ATP in cells?

To power various cellular activities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between bacteria and their rapid multiplication?

Bacteria eventually run out of food and space. Signup and view all the answers

How can fermentation be likened to different modes of transportation?

It is like biking, requiring more effort and producing less speed. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to get a new flu vaccine every year?

The flu virus changes frequently. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of flu vaccines?

To prepare the immune system to recognize and fight the flu virus. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of flu vaccine is recommended for healthy individuals aged 2 to 49?

Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) Signup and view all the answers

How are flu vaccines generally produced?

By growing the virus in fertilized chicken eggs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the Recombinant Influenza Vaccine (RIV)?

It does not require growing the virus. Signup and view all the answers

Who is recommended to receive the flu vaccine annually?

Everyone aged 6 months and older. Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of purification in vaccine production entail?

Removing impurities and preparing the vaccine for packaging. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies created in response to the flu vaccine?

To recognize and attack the flu virus if encountered. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Flu Virus and How Vaccines Help

Influenza (flu) is a contagious viral infection that affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, and fatigue.
Flu vaccines are crucial because the flu virus changes frequently ("mutates"), with new vaccines recommended every year.
Flu vaccines introduce inactive or weakened flu viruses into the body to prepare the immune system to recognize and fight the real virus.
The two main types of flu vaccines are:
- Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (IIV): Contains killed virus and is given as an injection (flu shot).
- Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV): Contains a weakened form of the virus and is given as a nasal spray.
Recombinant Influenza Vaccine (RIV) is an alternative option for those with egg allergies.
Flu vaccine production involves selecting virus strains based on predictions, cultivating the virus in fertilized chicken eggs or cell cultures, purifying the viruses, and distributing vaccines before the flu season.
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) predict which flu strains will be prevalent each year.
Flu vaccines are made to protect against three or four flu virus strains (trivalent or quadrivalent) that are expected to be most common.
Vaccination is recommended for everyone 6 months and older every year to decrease the risk of infection.

Key Vocabulary

Antibodies: Defense soldiers of the body that recognize and attack viruses.
Trivalent vaccine: Protects against three flu virus strains.
Quadrivalent vaccine: Protects against four flu virus strains.
Live Attenuated: Weakened form of a virus that can stimulate an immune response without causing illness.
Inactivated: Killed virus used in vaccines to safely stimulate an immune response.
Recombinant: Produced by combining genetic material from different organisms.

Herd Immunity

Herd immunity occurs when enough people in a community are vaccinated, reducing the spread of viruses and protecting those who are not vaccinated.
A higher vaccination rate creates a protective "wall" around the community, making it harder for the virus to spread.

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Description

Explore the influenza virus and the importance of flu vaccines in combating this contagious infection. This quiz will cover how vaccines work, the different types available, and their production process to help you understand their crucial role in public health.