Fixed Partial Denture Connectors Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are semi-precision attachments primarily characterized by?

  • Their ability to be fabricated only in metal.
  • Their economy and ease of fabrication. (correct)
  • Their lack of variability in component dimensions.
  • Their high precision in fabrication.

Which retention method combines both frictional and mechanical features?

  • Frictional and Mechanical retention (correct)
  • Frictional retention
  • Magnetic retention
  • Mechanical retention

Which factor is NOT considered when selecting an attachment?

  • Location
  • Material (correct)
  • Cost
  • Function

What are the types of locations mentioned for attachments?

<p>Intracoronal, extracoronal, and radicular (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is NOT involved in fabricating a semi-precision attachment?

<p>Injection molding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are tooth-supported restorations described in terms of functionality?

<p>Solid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about semi-precision attachments is true?

<p>They can be fabricated using a variety of alloys. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of attachment allows for movements in various planes, often referred to as stress breakers?

<p>Tooth and tissue-supported restoration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary requirement of solder alloys in relation to the parent alloy?

<p>Lower fusion temperature than parent alloy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect the success of the soldering procedure?

<p>Color of the solder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of soldering flux?

<p>To remove oxides or prevent their formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fluxes is typically used for gold alloys?

<p>Borax glass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of lower fineness gold solders?

<p>They are used to join castings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended gap distance between assembled units during soldering?

<p>0.25 mm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a solder antiflux?

<p>To limit the spread of the solder alloy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of heat application is one of the factors affecting soldering success?

<p>Torch or oven (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of solder in dental applications?

<p>Joining components of FPD and repairing casting voids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of connectors in a fixed partial denture (FPD)?

<p>To join the individual retainers and pontics together (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of using laser welding in dental procedures?

<p>It can be used on ceramic or resin veneer without distortion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of rigid connector?

<p>Precision Attachments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which description accurately defines non-rigid connectors in dental applications?

<p>Connectors that relieve stresses or accommodate misaligned FPD abutment teeth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a known application of non-rigid connectors?

<p>Full mouth dentures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant disadvantage of using cast connectors?

<p>Potential distortion during multiunit wax pattern fabrication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following connector designs is optimal for cleaning?

<p>Elliptical in proximal view and concave in buccal view (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Precision attachments are primarily characterized by which of the following features?

<p>They are machined in special alloys under precise tolerances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is a non-rigid connector particularly beneficial?

<p>In free-end saddle cases connecting FPD and RPD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum melting temperature for soldering in dentistry?

<p>450° C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the success of a prosthetic appliance?

<p>Color of the denture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connectors are classified under precision attachments?

<p>Machined components with precise fitting interlocking devices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key recommendation for the surfaces to be joined in soldering?

<p>Surfaces should be flat and parallel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one established characteristic of laser welding in dental practices?

<p>It produces minimal heat during the process. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connector is typically characterized by being a single-piece casting?

<p>Cast Connectors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

FPD Connector

Part of a fixed partial denture connecting retainers and pontics.

Rigid Connector

Connectors in a FPD that are strong and resistant to movement.

Cast Connector

FPD connector made as one piece during casting.

Soldered Connector

FPD connector created by fusing metal components with solder.

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Connector Design Criteria

Connectors should be strong, accessible for cleaning, and aesthetically pleasing to the patient.

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Connector Size

Connectors should be large enough to avoid distortion or fracture under normal use in the mouth.

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Connector Access

Connectors need spaces for easy cleaning of oral hygiene measures at the tissue.

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Soldering Temperature

Soldering involves using a filler metal with a melting point below 450°C to join metal components.

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Straight Cut Connector

A connector design with a straight cut across the interproximal space, providing a clear path for cleaning.

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Diagonal Cut Connector

A connector design featuring a diagonal cut across the pontic, offering a clear pathway for cleaning.

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Thin Ribbon Saw

A specialized saw designed for creating precise and thin cuts in dental materials.

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Soldering Flux

A substance applied during soldering to remove oxides and prevent their formation, ensuring a clean metal surface for bonding.

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Solder Antiflux

A material used to limit the spread of solder during the soldering process, ensuring precise placement.

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Lower Fusion Temperature

A desirable property of solder alloys, requiring a lower temperature to melt compared to the metal being joined.

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High Tarnish Resistance

A key characteristic of solder alloys, preventing discoloration and corrosion over time.

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Gap Distance for Soldering

The optimal gap between assembled units (0.25mm) for successful soldering, allowing for proper solder flow.

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What is the purpose of a solder in FPD?

Solder is used to join components of FPD, build up proximal contacts and repair casting voids or broken parts.

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What is a non-rigid connector in dentistry?

A connector that is not strong and inflexible. It allows some movement between parts, relieving stress on teeth or implants.

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What are the applications of non-rigid connectors?

Non-rigid connectors are used in FPD, RPD, over dentures, implant-supported restorations and maxillofacial prosthetics.

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What are some examples of non-rigid connector types?

Dove tail connectors (key and ways) or (tenon - Mortise), loop connectors, split pontic, and cross pin and wing connectors are examples of non-rigid connectors.

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What are precision attachments?

Precision attachments are prefabricated components used to connect removable restorations to natural teeth. They are made of special alloys and offer precise fitting.

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What is the material used for precision attachments?

Precision attachments are often made of platinum-palladium alloys, which are strong and can withstand high casting temperatures.

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How are female precision attachments incorporated?

The female part of a precision attachment is incorporated into a wax pattern for the restoration, then the assembly is invested and cast.

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Why is it important to use precision attachments?

Precision attachments provide a strong and accurate connection between removable restorations and the supporting teeth, ensuring stability and preventing movement.

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What makes a semi-precision attachment 'semi-precision'?

Semi-precision attachments are fabricated by casting wax, plastic, or refractory patterns, leading to variations due to inconsistent water/powder ratios, burn-out temperatures, and other variables.

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What are the advantages of semi-precision attachments?

Semi-precision attachments are economical, easy to fabricate, and can be cast in a wide variety of alloys without compatibility problems.

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What is a 'stress breaker'?

A stress breaker is a resilient attachment that allows for movement in different planes, helping distribute forces and preventing damage to teeth.

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What are the 5 factors to consider when choosing an attachment?

The five factors are location, function, retention, available space, and cost.

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Intracoronal

An attachment entirely within the crown of a tooth.

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Extracoronal

An attachment that extends beyond the crown of a tooth.

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Frictional Retention

Retention achieved by the close contact between two surfaces, like friction between your hands.

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Mechanical Retention

Retention achieved by shapes that interlock, like the teeth of a zipper.

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Study Notes

Fixed Partial Denture Connectors

  • Fixed partial dentures (FPD) are dental appliances that replace missing teeth.
  • Connectors are parts of an FPD that join retainers and pontics.
  • Connector components are classified as rigid and non-rigid (attachments).

Components of FPD

  • Connector: Joins retainers and pontics.
  • Pontic: Replaces missing tooth.
  • Retainer: Part that attaches to abutment teeth.
  • Abutment Preparation: Shape of the abutment where retainer attaches.
  • Abutment: Natural teeth that support the FPD.
  • Edentulous Ridge: Bone ridge where missing teeth were.

Definition of Connectors

  • Connectors join individual retainers and pontics of a fixed partial denture (FPD).

Classification of Connectors

  • Rigid Connectors:
    • Cast
    • Soldered
    • Laser Welded
  • Non-rigid Connectors (Attachments):
    • Precision
    • Semi-precision

Rigid Connectors (Cast)

  • Shaped in wax as part of a multiunit wax pattern.
  • Then cast as one piece with fixed partial denture.
  • Single-piece casting.

Advantages of Cast Connectors

  • Convenient and minimizes steps in FPD fabrication.
  • Reduced armamentarium.
  • Less time consuming.

Disadvantages of Cast Connectors

  • Distortion in multi-unit wax pattern fabrication.
  • Restricted to simple restorations.

Connector Design

  • Size, shape, and position of connectors affect the success of the prosthetic appliance.
  • Connectors should be large enough to prevent distortion or fracture during function.
  • Provide oral hygiene access at the tissue surface of the connector.
  • Properly positioned to avoid interfering with esthetics.
  • Highly polished at the tissue surface.
  • Should have an elliptical shape in a proximal view and a concave shape in a buccal or lingual view.

Soldered Connectors (Joints)

  • Metal components are joined using filler metal (solder).
  • Solder is fused to the parts being joined.
  • Solder's melting temperature must be lower than the parent metal's melting temperature.
  • The filler metal has a melting point below 450°C.
  • Rigid connections in dentistry are generally fabricated above 450°C.
  • Connectors to be soldered are waxed to final shape and then sectioned with a thin ribbon saw.
  • The surfaces to be joined must be flat and parallel; an even gap width of 0.25mm is recommended.
  • Cleanliness of the surfaces is important for good wetting by the solder alloy.

Soldered Connectors (Joints) - Types of Cuts

  • Straight cut across interproximal connector
  • Diagonal cut across pontic (minimal clean distance 0.13 to 0.3)

Soldered Connectors (Joints)-Materials

  • Flux: Applied to metal surfaces to remove oxides.
  • Solder: Fused to join components.
  • Antiflux: Used to limit spreading of solder alloy.
    • Examples: graphite pencil, iron oxide (rouge).

Solder Use Cases

  • Join components of FPDs
  • Build proximal contacts
  • Repair casting voids or broken parts.

Laser Welding Connectors

  • Spot welding by electric current
  • Laser welding using pulsed Nd:YAG laser with high power.
  • Autogenous welding - instantaneous thermal effect of laser beam concentrated on a minute spot.
  • Wax patterns are constructed and cast; contact areas are modified to be flat with minimal space; welding is performed on the master cast.
  • Maximum penetration depth is 2.5 mm.
  • Usable on ceramic or resin veneer without distortion.

Non-Rigid Connectors

  • Attachment: a connector with two or more parts.
  • One part attaches to a tooth, root, or implant; the other to a prosthesis.
  • Exceptions: some attachments have only one part; the other is made.
  • Classified into precision and semi-precision types.

Attachment Applications

  • Fixed partial dentures (FPD)
  • Removable partial dentures (RPD)
  • Over dentures
  • Implant-supported restorations
  • Maxillofacial prosthetics

Cases for Non-rigid Connectors

  • Pier abutments
  • Tilted molar abutments
  • Tooth-implant supported FPDs
  • Free-end saddle cases
  • Connection between FPD and RPD

Non-Rigid Connectors - Attachments

  • Dove tail (key and ways)
  • Loop
  • Split pontic
  • Cross pin and wing

Precision Attachments

  • Components machined in special alloys with precise tolerances.
  • Accurate interlocking device to fix restoration to natural teeth.
  • Made of platinum-palladium alloys.
  • Withstand high temperatures associated with casting ceramic alloys.

Semi-precision Attachments

  • Fabricated by direct casting of wax, plastic or refractory patterns.
  • Considered semi-precision due to variations in fabrication (e.g., water/powder ratios, temperatures).
  • Economical, easy to fabricate, suitable for a wide range of alloys without issues of coefficient differences between the cast and machined alloy.
  • Techniques: prefabricated plastic components, precision milling.

Factors Considered When Selecting an Attachment

  • Location: Intracoronal, Extracoronal, Radicular/Intraradicular, Bar, Cross-pin, Wing, Split pontic
  • Function: Solid vs. resilient restorations; movement ranges
  • Retention: Frictional, mechanical, combined, magnetic, screwed.
  • Available Space: Vertical, faciolingual, mesiodistal.
  • Cost: Precision vs. semi-precision.

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