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Questions and Answers
What specialized cells in cyanobacteria are responsible for fixing atmospheric nitrogen?
What specialized cells in cyanobacteria are responsible for fixing atmospheric nitrogen?
Which of the following describes chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria?
Which of the following describes chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria?
What is the primary method of reproduction in bacteria?
What is the primary method of reproduction in bacteria?
What is one significant role of heterotrophic bacteria in nature?
What is one significant role of heterotrophic bacteria in nature?
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What characterizes Mycoplasma organisms?
What characterizes Mycoplasma organisms?
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What type of organisms are dinoflagellates mostly classified as?
What type of organisms are dinoflagellates mostly classified as?
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What is the function of the pellicle in euglenoids?
What is the function of the pellicle in euglenoids?
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Which of the following statements about slime moulds is correct?
Which of the following statements about slime moulds is correct?
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What distinguishes protozoans from other protists?
What distinguishes protozoans from other protists?
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What happens to red dinoflagellates when they undergo rapid multiplication?
What happens to red dinoflagellates when they undergo rapid multiplication?
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Which kingdom includes organisms that are prokaryotic?
Which kingdom includes organisms that are prokaryotic?
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In which kingdom are organisms primarily heterotrophic and multicellular?
In which kingdom are organisms primarily heterotrophic and multicellular?
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What type of cell wall do Plantae have?
What type of cell wall do Plantae have?
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Which kingdom is characterized by the absence of a nuclear membrane?
Which kingdom is characterized by the absence of a nuclear membrane?
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Which kingdom includes organisms that are autotrophic and can perform photosynthesis?
Which kingdom includes organisms that are autotrophic and can perform photosynthesis?
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What type of body organization do organisms in the Animalia kingdom have?
What type of body organization do organisms in the Animalia kingdom have?
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Which kingdom is known for having a mode of nutrition that includes saprophytic and parasitic methods?
Which kingdom is known for having a mode of nutrition that includes saprophytic and parasitic methods?
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Which of the following kingdoms contains organisms with eukaryotic cell types?
Which of the following kingdoms contains organisms with eukaryotic cell types?
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What distinguishes viruses from living organisms?
What distinguishes viruses from living organisms?
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What happens to a host cell once it is infected by a virus?
What happens to a host cell once it is infected by a virus?
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Why are viruses not included in Whittaker's five kingdom classification?
Why are viruses not included in Whittaker's five kingdom classification?
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What term is derived from Latin meaning 'venom or poisonous fluid'?
What term is derived from Latin meaning 'venom or poisonous fluid'?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of viruses?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of viruses?
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What type of spores do deuteromycetes produce?
What type of spores do deuteromycetes produce?
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of the kingdom Plantae?
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the kingdom Plantae?
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In the life cycle of plants, what is the term for the alternating phases?
In the life cycle of plants, what is the term for the alternating phases?
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Which of the following examples represents an insectivorous plant?
Which of the following examples represents an insectivorous plant?
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What is a significant characteristic of organisms in the kingdom Animalia?
What is a significant characteristic of organisms in the kingdom Animalia?
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Study Notes
Five Kingdoms Classification
- Characterizes organisms based on cell type, cell wall composition, nuclear membrane presence, body organization, and mode of nutrition.
- Includes Monera (prokaryotic, unicellular), Protista (eukaryotic, unicellular/colonial), Fungi (eukaryotic, multicellular/loose tissue), Plantae (eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic), and Animalia (eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic).
Kingdom Monera
- Comprises prokaryotic organisms like bacteria and cyanobacteria.
- Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are unicellular, colonial, or filamentous, found in various environments, some fix atmospheric nitrogen (e.g., Nostoc, Anabaena).
- Chemosynthetic bacteria oxidize inorganic substances for energy, playing a role in nutrient cycling.
- Heterotrophic bacteria are abundant decomposers, some beneficial (e.g., curd production, antibiotic production), others pathogenic (e.g., causing cholera, typhoid, tetanus).
- Bacteria reproduce mainly by fission and can produce spores under stress, some exhibit primitive DNA transfer.
- Mycoplasma lack cell walls.
Kingdom Protista
- Dinoflagellates: mostly marine, photosynthetic, possess cellulose plates and two flagella, some cause red tides (Gonyaulax).
- Euglenoids: freshwater, flexible pellicle instead of cell wall, two flagella, photosynthetic in sunlight, heterotrophic in darkness, pigments similar to higher plants (Euglena).
- Slime molds: saprophytic, move along decaying matter forming plasmodium, form fruiting bodies with spores under stress.
- Protozoans: heterotrophic, predators or parasites, considered primitive animal relatives.
Kingdom Fungi
- Deuteromycetes: reproduce asexually by conidia, septate and branched mycelium, saprophytes, parasites, or decomposers (Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Trichoderma). Note that once sexual stages were discovered, many were reclassified into Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes.
Kingdom Plantae
- Includes eukaryotic, chlorophyll-containing organisms (plants).
- Some are partially heterotrophic (insectivorous plants like Bladderwort and Venus fly trap, or parasites like Cuscuta).
- Plant cells have eukaryotic structure with chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls.
- Includes algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
- Exhibit alternation of generations (diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte phases).
Kingdom Animalia
- Heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes lacking cell walls.
- Depend on plants for food, digest food internally, store food as glycogen or fat.
- Holozoic nutrition (ingestion), definite growth pattern, and shape.
- Higher forms have sensory and neuromotor mechanisms, most are capable of locomotion.
- Sexual reproduction with copulation and embryological development.
Acellular Organisms
- Viruses: non-cellular, inert crystalline structure outside host cells, infect cells to replicate, considered non-living by some. (Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), Bacteriophage).
- Viroids and prions are also mentioned, but not detailed.
- Lichens are not explicitly detailed in the five kingdom classification.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Five Kingdoms Classification, which categorizes organisms based on various criteria such as cell type and mode of nutrition. Explore the unique characteristics of Monera, including the significance of bacteria and cyanobacteria in ecosystems. This quiz will challenge your understanding of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
