Five Factor Taxonomy & Personality Disorders
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a core characteristic of schizotypal personality disorder?

  • Intense fear and avoidance of social situations due to fear of rejection.
  • A consistent disregard for the rights of others and violations of the law.
  • A pervasive pattern of grandiosity and need for admiration.
  • Acute social discomfort coupled with odd appearance and behavior. (correct)

    • What is a key difference between antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy?

  • Antisocial PD focuses on behavioral indicators, while psychopathy includes emotional/interpersonal features. (correct)
  • Antisocial PD is strictly related to conduct disorder, while psychopathy is not.
  • Antisocial PD is marked by emotional deficits, while psychopathy is marked by behavioral issues.
  • Psychopathy is diagnosed based on legal violations, while antisocial PD is not.

    • Which of the following is a common symptom in narcissistic personality disorder?

  • A pervasive pattern of grandiosity, lack of empathy, and the need for admiration. (correct)
  • Intense fear of social situations because of hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
  • A chronic fear of abandonment and unstable interpersonal relationships.
  • Persistent irritability, aggression and disregard for safety of others.

    • Which personality disorder is most associated with a fear of abandonment and unstable relationships?

    <p>Borderline Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An individual with avoidant personality disorder is most likely to exhibit which behavior?

    <p>Actively seeking relationships but failing because of fear of rejection and evaluation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key symptom related to schizotypal personality disorder, but not to other personality disorders?

    <p>Believing that external events, such as public advertisements, have a personal and a specific meaning for them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by erratic behavior and reduced emotional control?

    <p>Cluster B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the pattern of interpersonal relationships for someone with avoidant personality disorder?

    <p>They seek relationships due to loneliness, but the fear of rejection hinders them from forming or keeping them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the maturity principle, which of the following traits tends to increase as individuals age?

    <p>Conscientiousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A diagnosis of a personality disorder requires that the maladaptive pattern manifests in at least how many of the following areas: cognition, affect, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the typical trajectory of emotional stability across the lifespan according to the five-factor taxonomy?

    <p>Increases as age increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders?

    <p>The pattern must be inflexible and pervasive across personal and social situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is commonly observed in individuals diagnosed with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCD PD)?

    <p>Preoccupation with details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided content, which of the following statements is the primary definition of mean-level change in personality?

    <p>A change in a personality trait from one period to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of personality disorders, what does 'enduring pattern' signify?

    <p>A stable pattern that can be traced back to adolescence or early adulthood and is pervasive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does high comorbidity in personality disorders indicate?

    <p>High degree of individual symptoms overlap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased social dominance typically emerges as individuals age. How would this trait likely manifest in a person's behavior?

    <p>Increased assertiveness and confidence in interpersonal situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can personality disorders (PD) be effectively represented to reduce stigma?

    <p>Utilizing a dimensional approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key part of the diagnostic process for a personality disorder, ensuring that the condition is not just a passing phase or the result of an immediate situation?

    <p>Confirmation that the condition had an onset by early adolescence or adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is there a concern regarding the diagnostic reliability of personality disorders?

    <p>There is significant subjectivity in the diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does meta-analytic evidence suggest regarding the treatment of personality disorders?

    <p>Therapeutic interventions may improve extreme trait levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Five Factor Taxonomy & Personality Disorders

    • Mean-level changes in the five-factor taxonomy are observed as a function of age. For example, conscientiousness typically increases from age 19 to 23.
    • The maturity principle suggests that personality traits become more conscientious, dominant, agreeable, and emotionally stable as people age.
    • Diagnostic criteria for personality disorders (PDs) encompass enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate significantly from cultural expectations. These patterns are pervasive and inflexible, impacting multiple areas of functioning (e.g., relationships, work).
    • Symptoms of specific personality disorders (PDs) such as schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive PDs have distinct features.
    • Categorical representations of PDs are often criticized for their limitations.
    • Alternative perspectives emphasize the maladaptive personality trait model, highlighting the spectrum of personality traits rather than distinct categories.
    • Clinical efficacy of therapeutic interventions for PDs is a subject of ongoing study.

    Trait Theories

    • Research on personality change across lifespan suggests mean level changes in personality are possible, a change from one time point to another.
    • The five-factor taxonomy is a framework for understanding personality traits including: sociability (extraversion), social dominance, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.
    • Mean-level changes in personality traits often follow predictable patterns across adulthood.
    • Personality traits such as social outgoingness, agreeableness and conscientiousness tend to improve (increase) over time.

    Personality Disorders

    • Personality disorders (PD) are enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate markedly from expectations of one's culture.
    • These patterns are consistently present in a wide range of personal and social situations.
    • Examples of criteria for personality disorders include: instability in interpersonal relations, self-image, impulsivity, efforts to avoid abandonment and significant difficulties in managing anger.
    • Diagnosing Personality Disorders requires a formal evaluation and assessment of various domains, such as cognition, affect, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control that should manifest in more areas than one.
    • Some personality disorders, such as antisocial personality disorder, have features that frequently overlap with other diagnosis like psychopathy.
    • Personality disorders are clustered into three categories (A, B, and C).
    • The study of personality disorders is a field of continued research and debate about the best framework for understanding and diagnosing these conditions.

    Criticisms of PD Classification

    • The diagnostic criteria for personality disorders (PDs) are frequently criticized for issues including subjectivity in clinician identification of individuals.
    • Substantial overlap exists between different PDs, or individuals who meet criteria present features of other comorbid disorders.
    • The significant high rate of comorbidity in PDs— where individuals have more than PD diagnosis at one time—suggests that these diagnoses may lack specificity.
    • There is substantial variability in reliability of diagnosis over time and inconsistencies in diagnosis from clinician to clinician in research studies.

    Dimensions of Personality Disorders

    • Personality disorders (PD) are potentially better understood, and less stigmatized, as extremes along dimensions of personality traits instead of distinct categories.
    • A maladaptive personality trait model provides a more comprehensive view of these conditions, potentially facilitating treatment approaches and reducing stigma.

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    Five Factor Taxonomy & Personality Disorders PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the relationship between the five-factor taxonomy of personality traits and personality disorders. It examines changes in personality traits with age, the maturity principle, and the diagnostic criteria for various personality disorders. Delve into the distinct features and criticisms of categorical representations of these disorders.

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